perchloride
Noun: A perchloride is a specific type of chemical compound. It is a chloride that contains an unusually high or the highest possible proportion of chlorine atoms relative to the other element in the compound. The prefix "per-" indicates this maximal or high degree of chlorination.
The term is used primarily in technical, chemical, and industrial contexts to name specific compounds where the central element is in a high oxidation state due to bonding with many chlorine atoms.
- Ferric chloride is often called iron perchloride.
- The laboratory procedure required the use of antimony perchloride.
- Perchloride compounds are typically strong oxidizing agents.
- The naming can sometimes be historical or non-systematic. For example, "iron perchloride" is an older name for iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃), distinguishing it from iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂), which was sometimes called "ferrous chloride."
- Not all highly chlorinated compounds use this naming. The common term "carbon tetrachloride" (CCl₄) is used instead of "carbon perchloride."
- Chloride (n): A compound formed when chlorine combines with another element or group, e.g., sodium chloride (NaCl).
- Perchlorate (n): A different class of compound containing the ClO₄⁻ ion, e.g., potassium perchlorate (KClO₄).
- (Specific to certain compounds) Trichloride (e.g., phosphorus trichloride PCl₃ is not a perchloride, but phosphorus pentachloride PCl₅ could be considered a perchloride).
- Higher chloride
- Subchloride: An outdated term for a chloride containing a lower proportion of chlorine (e.g., where the metal has a lower oxidation state).
The term perchloride is not commonly used in modern systematic chemical nomenclature (IUPAC), which prefers names based on oxidation states or stoichiometry (e.g., iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride). It persists in some common names and older technical literature.
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a chloride containing an unusually high proportion of chlorine
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