Definition

1. Verb (archaic):
   • To break examination regulations: To violate the formal rules governing a civil service examination, specifically the imperial examinations in historical Vietnam.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Thí sinh đó đã bị đuổi khỏi trường thi vì phạm quy. (That candidate was expelled from the examination hall for breaking the regulations.)
  • Hành vi mang tài liệu vào trường thi bị coi là phạm quy. (The act of bringing materials into the examination compound was considered a violation of the rules.)

Advanced Usage

• The term "phạm quy" is primarily used in a historical context, referring to the strict, codified rules of the imperial examination system (). Modern equivalents for breaking test rules would be or (to cheat).

Variants and Related Words

• Vi phạm quy định (v): to violate regulations (modern, general term).

  • Công ty đó vi phạm quy định về môi trường. (That company violated environmental regulations.)

• Gian lận (v/n): to cheat, fraud (broader term for dishonesty, including in exams).

  • Mọi hình thức gian lận trong thi cử đều bị nghiêm cấm. (All forms of cheating in examinations are strictly prohibited.)

Synonyms

• Violate rules: To break or fail to comply with established regulations.
• Infringe regulations: To act in a way that disregards or transgresses official rules.

Related Idioms

• Phạm húy: To violate a taboo, especially by using a character that was part of an emperor's or one's ancestor's name (a related, serious offense in historical literary and examination contexts).
  • Bài thi có chữ phạm húy sẽ bị loại ngay. (An examination paper containing a taboo character would be disqualified immediately.)

1. (cũ) Break examination regulations