phoneme

/'founi:m/

Thân thiện

A child points to the letter "p" on a colorful phoneme chart.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • (Linguistics) A minimal unit of sound in a language: A "phoneme" is one of the smallest, most basic sound units in a language that can distinguish one word from another. It is an abstract concept representing a category of sounds (allophones) that are perceived as the same by native speakers of that language.

Usage and Examples

• Noun:
  • The words "pat" and "bat" differ by a single phoneme: /p/ and /b/.
  • In English, the sounds represented by "t" in "top" and "stop" are considered the same phoneme, /t/.
  • Learning the phonemes of a new language is crucial for accurate pronunciation.

Advanced Usage

• Phonemic contrast: The distinction between two phonemes that changes a word's meaning.
  • The phonemic contrast between /l/ and /r/ is essential in English, as in "light" vs. "right".
• Phonemic transcription: A writing system that represents only the phonemes of a language, often using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) between slashes (/ /).
  • The word "cat" is transcribed phonemically as /kæt/.

Variants and Related Words

• Phonemic (adjective): Relating to or involving phonemes.
  • A phonemic analysis of the language.
• Phonemics (noun): The study of the phoneme system of a language.
  • She specialized in the phonemics of indigenous languages.
• Allophone (noun): A variant pronunciation of a phoneme that does not change the word's meaning.
  • The aspirated [pʰ] in "pin" and the unaspirated [p] in "spin" are allophones of the English phoneme /p/.

Synonyms

• Sound unit: A basic unit of speech sound.
• Segmental phoneme: A phoneme that corresponds to a sequence of consonants and vowels (contrasted with suprasegmental features like tone or stress).

Related Concepts (Not Phrasal Verbs or Idioms)

• Minimal pair: A pair of words that differ by only one phoneme, demonstrating that the two sounds are separate phonemes.
  • "Ship" (/ʃɪp/) and "sheep" (/ʃiːp/) are a minimal pair in English, showing /ɪ/ and /iː/ are distinct phonemes.
• Phonology: The branch of linguistics that studies the systematic organization of sounds in languages, including the study of phonemes.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language