quantum

/'kwɔntəm/

Thân thiện

A scientist draws a quantum diagram on the classroom whiteboard.

Definition

Noun: 1. A discrete, indivisible quantity of a physical property: In physics, this is the smallest possible amount of something (like energy or momentum) that can be involved in an interaction, as described by quantum theory. 2. A specific or required amount of something: A particular share, portion, or level of a non-physical thing.

Examples of Usage

• Noun (Physics):
  • In an atom, an electron can only gain or lose a specific quantum of energy, not any arbitrary amount.
  • A photon is a quantum of light.
• Noun (General):
  • Each employee received their quantum of the annual bonus.
  • The judge had to determine the quantum of damages owed to the plaintiff.

Advanced Usage

• Quantum leap/jump: A sudden, very large, and significant change or advance. (Note: In physics, a "quantum jump" is actually a very small, discrete change at the subatomic level, but in general language, it means the opposite—a huge change.)
  • The new technology represents a quantum leap in computing power.

Variants and Related Words

• Quantize (verb): To restrict a variable (like energy) to discrete, quantized values.
  • In quantum mechanics, the energy levels of an electron in an atom are quantized.
• Quantum Mechanics (noun phrase): The branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena at microscopic scales, where the action is on the order of the Planck constant and particles exhibit wave-particle duality.
• Quantum Theory (noun phrase): The theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level.

Synonyms

• (For general meaning): Portion, share, amount, measure, quota.
• (For physics meaning): Unit, packet, discrete amount.

Related Idioms

• A quantum of solace: A very small amount of comfort. (Popularized by a James Bond film title.)
  • The kind words from a stranger offered him a quantum of solace in his grief.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
2. a discrete amount of something that is analogous to the quantities in quantum theory