scratch

/skrætʃ/
Học thuật
Thân thiện
scratch

The cat scratches the wooden leg of the table.

Definition
  1. Noun:

    • A mark or injury on a surface: A shallow cut, groove, or mark made by something sharp or rough on a surface, especially skin.
    • The act or sound of scraping: The action or harsh, grating sound produced by rubbing a rough or sharp object against a surface.
    • A starting line or point: A line drawn to mark the starting point for competitors in a race or contest.
    • Informal term for money: (Slang) Cash or funds.
    • A hasty or poor piece of writing: Careless or illegible handwriting; something written quickly.
  2. Verb:

    • To score or mark a surface: To make a shallow cut or mark on a surface with something sharp or pointed.
    • To rub to relieve itching: To rub one's skin with fingernails or a rough object to alleviate an itch.
    • To cancel or withdraw: To decide not to do something that was planned; to remove someone or something from a list.
    • To gather with difficulty: To collect or assemble something, especially money, slowly and with effort.
    • To make a scraping sound: To produce a rough, grating noise by rubbing against something.
Examples of Usage
  • Noun:

    • There is a deep scratch on the car door from the shopping cart.
    • The only sound was the scratch of his pen on paper.
    • All runners must start from scratch.
    • I need some scratch to pay for lunch.
  • Verb:

    • Be careful not to scratch the table with that key.
    • Try not to scratch the mosquito bite; it will only make it worse.
    • We had to scratch the picnic because of the storm.
    • He managed to scratch together enough cash for the train ticket.
Advanced Usage
  • "From scratch": From the very beginning, without using anything that already exists.

    • She learned to bake and made the cake completely from scratch.
  • "Up to scratch": Meeting the required standard; satisfactory.

    • His recent work hasn't been up to scratch.
  • "Scratch the surface": To deal with only the superficial or obvious parts of something.

    • The investigation only scratched the surface of the corruption.
Variants and Related Words
  • Scratchy (adj): Rough in texture, causing a scratching sensation; making a scratching sound.

    • This wool sweater is very scratchy.
  • Scratcher (n): A person or thing that scratches; (informal) a lottery ticket that is scratched to reveal a prize.

    • The cat is a relentless scratcher of the furniture.
Synonyms
  • Noun: Scrape, mark, graze, nick, line.
  • Verb: Scrape, graze, claw, etch, cancel, withdraw.
Related Phrasal Verbs
  • Scratch out: To remove something by drawing a line through it; to achieve something with great difficulty.

    • He scratched out the wrong answer and wrote the correct one.
    • They scratched out a living on the small farm.
  • Scratch around/ about for: To search for something in a hurried or haphazard way.

    • I had to scratch around for some change to pay for parking.
Related Idioms
  • "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours": An expression meaning if you help me, I will help you in return (implying mutual assistance, sometimes with a hint of favor-trading).

    • I'll help you with your project if you help me with mine. You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours.
  • "Not up to scratch": Not good enough; failing to meet the expected standard.

    • The quality of the materials was not up to scratch.
scratch

The cat scratches the wooden leg of the table.

Noun
  1. an indication of damage
  2. (golf) a handicap of zero strokes
    • a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course
  3. poor handwriting
  4. a harsh noise made by scraping
    • the scrape of violin bows distracted her
  5. dry mash for poultry
  6. a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game
  7. a competitor who has withdrawn from competition
  8. informal terms for money
  9. a depression scratched or carved into a surface
  10. an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
Verb
  1. carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface
    • engrave a pen
    • engraved the trophy cupt with the winner's
    • the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree
  2. gather (money or other resources) together over time
    • She had scraped together enough money for college
    • they scratched a meager living
  3. remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line
    • Please strike this remark from the record
    • scratch that remark
  4. postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled
    • Call off the engagement
    • cancel the dinner party
    • we had to scrub our vacation plans
    • scratch that meeting--the chair is ill
  5. scrape or rub as if to relieve itching
    • Don't scratch your insect bites!
  6. cut the surface of; wear away the surface of
  7. cause friction
    • my sweater scratches