soil

/sɔil/
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soil

A gardener carefully tests the soil in her vegetable patch.

Definition

  1. Noun:

    • The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of disintegrated rock and organic matter, in which plants grow: This is the natural, loose material that covers much of the land.
    • Territory; land belonging to a nation: This meaning refers to the land or territory of a country.
    • A state of dirtiness; a stain or spot: This is a less common meaning for a dirty mark or the condition of being dirty.

  2. Verb:

    • To make dirty; to stain or defile: The primary meaning is to cause something to become unclean.
    • (Archaic) To feed (livestock) with green fodder: This is an older, agricultural usage.
Examples of Usage
  • Noun (Earth):
    • This region has very fertile soil.
    • The gardener tested the pH of the soil before planting.
  • Noun (Territory):
    • They were proud to stand on their native soil.
    • The treaty forbids foreign military bases on its soil.
  • Noun (Stain):
    • There was a dark soil on the white tablecloth.
  • Verb (To make dirty):
    • Be careful not to soil your new shirt.
    • The scandal soiled his reputation.
  • Verb (Archaic: To feed):
    • The farmer soiled his cattle in the meadow.
Advanced Usage
  • "to soil one's hands": To become involved in something dishonest, unpleasant, or degrading.
    • He refused to soil his hands with their corrupt business practices.
  • "virgin soil": Land that has never been cultivated.
    • The settlers began farming the virgin soil of the prairie.
Variants and Related Words
  • Soiled (adj.): Made dirty; stained.
    • The soiled laundry was placed in the hamper.
  • Soiling (n.): The act of making something dirty.
    • The soiling of the river was caused by industrial waste.
  • Soil science (n.): The scientific study of soil.
  • Topsoil (n.): The upper, outermost layer of soil.
Synonyms
  • Noun (Earth): Dirt, earth, ground, loam, clay.
  • Noun (Territory): Land, territory, domain.
  • Verb: Dirty, stain, smear, sully, defile.
Related Phrasal Verbs

(Note: "Soil" is not commonly used in phrasal verb constructions. The action is typically expressed by the verb alone.)

Related Idioms
  • "To not soil one's hands": To avoid involvement in something immoral or distasteful.
    • She would not soil her hands by dealing with such dishonest people.
  • "On foreign soil": In a different country.
    • The athletes competed on foreign soil for the first time.
soil

A gardener carefully tests the soil in her vegetable patch.

Noun
  1. the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state
    • American troops were stationed on Japanese soil
  2. material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use)
    • the land had never been plowed
    • good agricultural soil
  3. the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
  4. the state of being covered with unclean things
Verb
  1. make soiled, filthy, or dirty
    • don't soil your clothes when you play outside!

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