spastic

/'spæstik/

Thân thiện

A child with spastic cerebral palsy receives physical therapy to improve muscle control.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Affected by or involving involuntary muscle contractions: Describes a condition characterized by sudden, jerky, and uncontrolled muscular movements or stiffness.
   • Relating to spasm: Pertaining to or caused by spasms, which are sudden, involuntary muscle contractions.

2. Noun:

   • A person affected by spastic paralysis: A dated and now often offensive term for a person who has a condition, such as some forms of cerebral palsy, that causes spasticity and impaired muscle control.

Usage and Examples

• Adjective:

  • The patient exhibited spastic movements in his limbs.
  • She has spastic cerebral palsy, which affects her muscle tone.
  • The condition can cause spastic paralysis.

• Noun (Use with extreme caution due to offensive connotations):

  • The term "spastic" is considered offensive when used as a noun to refer to a person. (This is a meta-linguistic example about the word's usage.)

Important Usage Note

• The use of "spastic" as a noun to refer to a person is widely regarded as offensive, derogatory, and unacceptable in modern English. It is considered a slur.
• The adjective form is acceptable in specific, formal medical or clinical contexts (e.g., , ) to describe symptoms or conditions. Even in medical contexts, person-first language (e.g., "a person with spastic cerebral palsy") is preferred.
• In everyday, non-medical language, using "spastic" as a casual adjective (e.g., "Don't be so spastic!") is considered highly offensive and inappropriate, as it mocks people with disabilities.

Advanced Usage and Context

• Clinical Terminology: In neurology and rehabilitation medicine, "spasticity" is the preferred noun for the condition, and "spastic" is used adjectivally as part of defined syndromes (e.g., ).
• Historical and Social Context: The word's shift from a medical term to a pejorative slur led organizations like the UK's "Spastics Society" to change their name (to "Scope") in the 1990s. This highlights the importance of respectful language.

Variants and Related Words

• Spasticity (n): The state or condition of being spastic; increased muscle tone leading to stiffness and awkward movements.
  • Physical therapy can help manage spasticity.
• Spasm (n): A sudden, involuntary muscular contraction.
  • A painful muscle spasm ended his race.

Synonyms (Adjective)

• Convulsive: Involving violent, involuntary contractions.
• Jerky: Characterized by abrupt, uncontrolled movements.
• Involuntary: Not under conscious control.

CRITICAL NOTE ON OFFENSIVE USE

• The word has been used in several offensive idioms and phrasal verbs, primarily in British slang. These uses are strongly discouraged and are included here solely for recognition to avoid offense.
• "Throw a spastic" (offensive idiom): To have a tantrum or become very upset.
• "Spaz out" (offensive phrasal verb, derived from "spastic"): To lose physical or emotional control, to panic, or to act clumsily.

Important: Using the word in these ways is deeply offensive to people with disabilities and their families. It perpetuates harmful stereotypes and is unacceptable in polite or professional discourse.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm
   • convulsive motions
   • his body made a spasmodic jerk
   • spastic movements
2. suffering from spastic paralysis
   • a spastic child
3. relating to or characterized by spasm
   • a spastic colon
   • spastic paralysis is a spastic form of cerebral palsy

Noun

1. a person suffering from spastic paralysis

Từ đồng nghĩa

• convulsive
• spasmodic