tarnish

/'tɑ:niʃ/
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tarnish

The silver spoon has a dark tarnish on its surface.

Definition
  1. Noun:

    • A discoloration or loss of brightness on the surface of a metal: This is caused by a chemical reaction, typically oxidation or exposure to sulfur compounds.
    • (Figurative) A stain or blemish on a reputation or image: Used metaphorically to describe damage to someone's good name or honor.
  2. Verb (transitive and intransitive):

    • To make or become less bright or discolored: To cause a metal surface to lose its luster, often due to exposure to air or moisture.
    • (Figurative) To diminish or damage the purity, luster, or good quality of something abstract: To sully or taint a reputation, memory, or ideal.
Usage Examples
  • Noun:

    • The antique silver had a dark tarnish that needed polishing.
    • The scandal left a permanent tarnish on his political career.
  • Verb:

    • Exposure to the humid air will tarnish the copper fittings.
    • She was careful not to do anything that could tarnish the company's brand image.
    • The beautiful brass doorknob had tarnished over the years.
Advanced Usage
  • "to tarnish one's image/reputation/honor": A common figurative phrase meaning to damage public perception.

    • The allegations, though false, threatened to tarnish her impeccable reputation.
  • "beyond tarnish": Implies something is so pure or respected it cannot be sullied (often used rhetorically).

    • His legacy was considered beyond tarnish.
Variants and Related Words
  • Tarnishable (adjective): Capable of being tarnished.

    • Silver is a highly tarnishable metal.
  • Tarnished (adjective): Describing something that has lost its luster or been sullied.

    • We cleaned the tarnished candlesticks.
    • He was a hero with a slightly tarnished past.
  • Untarnished (adjective): Remaining bright, clean, or unsullied.

    • She maintained an untarnished record of integrity.
Synonyms
  • Verb (literal): Discolor, dull, corrode, oxidize.
  • Verb (figurative): Sully, stain, blemish, taint, mar, besmirch, defile.
  • Noun (figurative): Stain, blot, smirch, blemish.
Related Phrasal Verbs/Constructions

(Note: "Tarnish" is not commonly used in phrasal verb constructions. Its meaning is typically conveyed directly or with prepositions like "with" or "by.") - To tarnish with [something]: To stain or sully by association with a negative thing. - His victory was tarnished with accusations of cheating.

Related Idioms
  • A tarnished halo: Refers to someone whose saintly or pure image has been damaged.

    • After the controversy, the celebrity's tarnished halo was evident to all.
  • To tarnish the gold/gilt: To spoil something that is valuable or beautiful.

    • The bitter argument tarnished the gold of their long friendship.
tarnish

The silver spoon has a dark tarnish on its surface.

Noun
  1. discoloration of metal surface caused by oxidation
Verb
  1. make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically
    • The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air
    • Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man

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