Definition

1. Adverb:
   • Downwards / and below: Used to indicate a downward direction or a lower limit in a sequence, hierarchy, or scale. It specifies a range starting from a mentioned point and extending to all levels or items below it.

Usage Examples

• Adverb:
  • Từ tầng năm trở xuống đang được sửa chữa. (From the fifth floor downwards is under renovation.)
  • Giá áp dụng cho trẻ em từ 10 tuổi trở xuống. (The price applies to children aged 10 and below.)
  • Quy định này liên quan đến từ giám đốc trở xuống. (This regulation concerns the director and those below.)

Advanced Usage

• In hierarchical or administrative contexts: Often used to define the scope of authority, application of rules, or distribution within an organization.

  • Chỉ thị có hiệu lực với từ cấp huyện trở xuống. (The directive is effective for the district level and below.)

• In numerical or measurable ranges: Used to set an upper age, level, or value limit, inclusive of that limit.

  • Chương trình dành cho học sinh lớp 5 trở xuống. (The program is for 5th-grade students and lower grades.)

Variants and Related Words

• Trở lên (adv): upwards, and above. The opposite of , indicating a range extending to higher levels.
  • Từ mức này trở lên sẽ có phụ phí. (From this level upwards, there will be an additional fee.)

Synonyms

• And below: Inclusive of the stated point and all lower points.
• Downward: In a descending direction.
• Or lower: Used to specify a maximum limit.

Related Phrases

• Từ... trở xuống: The standard construction meaning "from... downwards" or "from... and below".
  • Từ mốc thời gian này trở xuống, mọi dữ liệu đã được sao lưu. (From this timestamp downwards, all data has been backed up.)

adv

1. downwards