undue

/'ʌn'dju:/

Thân thiện

The judge warned the lawyer against exerting undue influence on the witness.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Excessive or beyond what is appropriate, proper, or normal: Used to describe something that is more than is reasonable, necessary, or deserved.
   • Not justified, authorized, or warranted: Used to describe something that lacks proper justification or legal/moral authority.
   • Not yet payable or due: Used in financial contexts to describe a debt or payment that is not currently owed.

Usage Examples

• Adjective (Excessive):
  • The project was canceled due to undue cost. (The cost was unreasonably high.)
  • She felt undue pressure to succeed. (The pressure was excessive and unreasonable.)
• Adjective (Unjustified):
  • The court found the search was conducted with undue force. (The force used was not justified or authorized.)
  • He was accused of using undue influence over the vulnerable client. (The influence was improper and unwarranted.)
• Adjective (Not yet payable):
  • The loan is undue until the end of the fiscal year. (The loan does not need to be repaid yet.)

Advanced Usage

• "undue emphasis": giving excessive or disproportionate importance to something.
  • The report places undue emphasis on minor issues.
• "undue hardship": excessive difficulty or burden that is unreasonable to expect someone to bear.
  • The new policy would cause undue hardship for small businesses.
• "without undue delay": without excessive or unreasonable waiting time.
  • Please respond to the request without undue delay.

Variants and Related Words

• Unduly (adverb): In an excessive, unwarranted, or improper manner.
  • He was unduly pessimistic about the results. (He was excessively pessimistic.)
• Duly (adverb): In the proper, expected, or correct manner. (This is the opposite concept.)
  • The documents were duly signed and submitted.

Synonyms

• Excessive: More than is necessary, normal, or desirable.
• Unwarranted: Not justified or authorized.
• Inordinate: Unusually or disproportionately large; excessive.
• Improper: Not in accordance with accepted rules or standards.

Antonyms

• Due: Appropriate, owed, or expected.
• Reasonable: Fair and sensible; not excessive.
• Justified: Having a good or legitimate reason.
• Appropriate: Suitable or proper in the circumstances.

Notes on Meaning

The core meaning of undue is the negation of what is "due." Something that is "due" is proper, deserved, owed, or appropriate. Therefore, undue always carries a sense of something being out of balance—it is either too much (excessive), not right (unjustified), or not yet owed (not payable). It often implies a judgment that a limit, standard, or norm has been exceeded or violated.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. beyond normal limits
   • excessive charges
   • a book of inordinate length
   • his dress stops just short of undue elegance
   • unreasonable demands
2. lacking justification or authorization
   • desire for undue private profit
   • unwarranted limitations of personal freedom
3. not appropriate or proper (or even legal) in the circumstances
   • undue influence
   • I didn't want to show undue excitement
   • accused of using undue force
4. not yet payable
   • an undue loan

Từ đồng nghĩa

• excessive
• inordinate
• unreasonable
• unjustified
• unwarranted