vicissitude

/vi'sisitju:d/

Thân thiện

The project's progress experienced the usual vicissitudes of research.

Definition

Noun: 1. A change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant: This meaning refers to an unexpected or unpredictable shift in the situation of a person, group, or thing, often involving hardship or difficulty. 2. The quality or fact of being changeable; mutability in life or nature: This meaning refers to the inherent and often cyclical nature of change itself, the fact that conditions do not remain constant.

Usage

• The word vicissitude is most often used in the plural form, vicissitudes, to refer to the various difficulties and changes one experiences over time.
• It is a formal word, commonly used in literary, historical, or academic contexts to describe the unpredictable nature of life, history, or complex processes.

Examples

• Noun (Plural form):
  • The old sailor recounted the many vicissitudes of his life at sea.
  • All political careers are subject to the vicissitudes of public opinion.
  • The expedition was prepared for the vicissitudes of the Arctic climate.
• Noun (Singular form, less common):
  • Every vicissitude of fortune was met with her unwavering resolve.

Advanced Usage

• "The vicissitudes of life/fate/fortune": A common phrase emphasizing the unpredictable ups and downs inherent in human existence.
  • Philosophy can help one endure the vicissitudes of fate.
• Used to describe the inherent challenges and changes in a long-term process:
  • The manuscript survived the vicissitudes of five centuries.

Variants and Related Words

• Vicissitudinous (adj): Characterized by or full of vicissitudes; changeable. (This is a very rare and formal adjective).
  • They lived a vicissitudinous existence.

Synonyms

• Fluctuation: A continuous change back and forth between levels or conditions.
• Mutation: A significant and basic alteration.
• Permutation: A complete change in the order or arrangement.
• Alteration: The act or process of making something different.
• Ups and downs: (Informal idiom) Periods of good and bad fortune.

Antonyms

• Stability: The state of being stable, not likely to change or fail.
• Constancy: The quality of being unchanging.
• Perdurability: The quality of being extremely durable; lastingness.

Related Phrases and Concepts

• Changeability: The quality of being likely to change.
• Mutability: The quality of being subject to change.
• Fortune's wheel: A medieval concept symbolizing the vicissitudes of fate, where one's position is constantly rising or falling.

Học thuật

Noun

1. mutability in life or nature (especially successive alternation from one condition to another)
2. a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something
   • the project was subject to the usual vicissitudes of exploratory research