vitriol

/'vitriəl/

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Word: Vitriol

Part of Speech: Noun (and also used as a verb)

Basic Definition:

1. As a noun: "Vitriol" refers to very harsh or cruel language that is used to criticize someone or something. It can express strong feelings of blame or bitterness.
2. As a noun in chemistry: It also refers to a highly corrosive acid (sulfuric acid) used in various industries, but in everyday conversation, we focus more on its figurative meaning.

Usage Instructions:

• Use "vitriol" when talking about someone using very negative or hurtful words.
• For example, if a politician speaks very harshly about their opponent, you might say they spoke with vitriol.

Example:

• "The article was filled with vitriol, attacking the politician's character rather than discussing the issues."

Advanced Usage:

• In literature or speeches, "vitriol" can describe the tone of criticism. For example, when a writer uses vitriol, they want to emphasize their strong feelings of anger or disappointment.

Word Variants:

• Vitriolic (adjective): This describes something that is very bitter or harsh in speech or writing.
  • Example: "Her vitriolic comments hurt his feelings."
• Vitriolize (verb): To use bitter or harsh language against someone.
  • Example: "He vitriolized his opponent in the debate."

Different Meanings:

• In a chemical context, "vitriol" can refer to various types of sulfate salts, but this is less common in everyday conversation.

Synonyms:

• For the harsh language meaning:
  • Bitterness
  • Acrimony
  • Malice
  • Scorn
  • Invective
• For the chemical meaning:
  • Sulfuric acid (specific context)

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs:

• While there are no direct idioms or phrasal verbs that use "vitriol," you might use phrases like:
  • "To pour vitriol on someone": This means to criticize someone very harshly.
  • "To be full of vitriol": Describes someone whose speech or writing is filled with harsh criticism.

Summary:

"Vitriol" is a powerful word that captures the intensity of negative feelings expressed through language. It can describe both harsh criticism in communication and a corrosive chemical when used in a scientific context.

Academic

Noun

1. abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will
2. (H2SO4) a highly corrosive acid made from sulfur dioxide; widely used in the chemical industry

Verb

1. subject to bitter verbal abuse
2. expose to the effects of vitriol or injure with vitriol

Synonyms

• vituperation
• invective
• oil of vitriol
• sulfuric acid
• sulphuric acid