vitriolic

/,vitri'ɔlik/

Thân thiện

A scientist carefully pours a clear vitriolic liquid into a beaker.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Extremely harsh, bitter, and caustic in tone or criticism: Describes language, speech, or writing that is filled with malice, bitterness, and a strong desire to hurt or criticize.
   • (Chemistry, archaic) Relating to or resembling vitriol (sulfuric acid): Describes a substance that is corrosive or capable of burning.

Usage and Examples

• Adjective (Primary Figurative Meaning):

  • The critic's vitriolic review of the film shocked everyone with its personal attacks.
  • Their political debate quickly descended into a series of vitriolic accusations.
  • She responded to the allegations with vitriolic anger.

• Adjective (Chemical Meaning - now rare):

  • In old chemistry texts, sulfuric acid was sometimes called vitriolic acid. (Note: This usage is largely historical.)

Advanced Usage and Nuances

• "Vitriolic attack/outburst/critique": A common collocation emphasizing a sudden, intense expression of harsh criticism.
  • The article was a vitriolic attack on the government's policies.
• "Vitriolic rhetoric/language": Describes a sustained style of communication characterized by bitterness and hostility.
  • The campaign was marred by vitriolic rhetoric from both sides.

Variants and Related Words

• Vitriol (noun): The source word. It means 1) cruel and bitter criticism, or 2) (archaic) sulfuric acid.
  • His speech was full of pure vitriol.
• Vitriolically (adverb): In a vitriolic manner.
  • He spoke vitriolically about his former colleagues.

Synonyms

• Caustic: Bitterly sarcastic.
• Acerbic: Sharp and forthright, especially in speech.
• Scathing: Severely critical.
• Biting: Harsh or cutting in effect.
• Sardonic: Grimly mocking or cynical.
• Corrosive: Tending to destroy or wear away (used figuratively for criticism).

Antonyms

• Complimentary: Expressing praise or admiration.
• Gentle: Mild and kind in temperament or effect.
• Bland: Lacking strong features or characteristics and therefore uninteresting.
• Diplomatic: Tactful and skilled in dealing with sensitive matters.

Idioms and Common Phrases

• "Dripping with vitriol": Used to describe speech or writing that is overflowing with intense bitterness and spite.
  • His online comments were dripping with vitriol.
• "A pen dipped in vitriol": A literary way to describe a writer's style as exceptionally harsh and critical.
  • The anonymous blogger wrote with a pen dipped in vitriol.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of a substance, especially a strong acid; capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action
2. harsh or corrosive in tone
   • an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose
   • a barrage of acid comments
   • her acrid remarks make her many enemies
   • bitter words
   • blistering criticism
   • caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics
   • a sulfurous denunciation
   • a vitriolic critique

Từ đồng nghĩa

• caustic
• corrosive
• erosive
• mordant