bởi chưng

Chàng buồn, bởi chưng nàng đã đi xa.

Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • Because, for the reason that: "bởi chưng" is an archaic or literary conjunction used to introduce a reason or cause for something stated previously. It is equivalent to "bởi vì" (because) but carries a more classical, formal tone.

Usage Examples

• Conjunction:
  • Chàng buồn, bởi chưng nàng đã đi xa. (He is sad, because she has gone far away.)
  • Bởi chưng non nước đầy sương, lòng người mới thấy đau thương vô cùng. (*For the reason that the mountains and rivers are full of mist, the human heart feels immense sorrow.)

Advanced Usage

• Literary and Poetic Context: "Bởi chưng" is almost exclusively found in classical Vietnamese poetry (ca dao, folk poetry), literary works, or proverbs. It is rarely used in modern spoken or formal written Vietnamese.
  • Thương nhau bởi chưng cái nghĩa, ghét nhau bởi chưng nợ chưa đền. (Love each other because of sentiment, hate each other because the debt is not yet repaid.) (From folk poetry)

Variants and Related Words

• Bởi vì (conjunction): Because. This is the standard, modern equivalent of "bởi chưng".
  • Tôi đến trễ bởi vì kẹt xe. (I arrived late because of traffic.)
• Bởi (conjunction): Because, since. A slightly shorter, still common form.
  • Anh ấy thắng bởi anh ấy kiên trì. (He won because he persevered.)
• Nguyên nhân là bởi (phrase): The reason is that. A more explanatory phrase.

Synonyms

• Vì: Because, for.
• Do: Due to, because of.
• Bởi lẽ: For the reason that (also formal/literary).

Related Phrases

• Bởi chưng... cho nên...: Because... therefore... (A classical correlative conjunction pair).
  • Bởi chưng chàng đã hứa, cho nên thiếp vẫn chờ. (*Because you promised, therefore I still wait.)

Related Idioms

• Bởi chưng is itself a component of many fixed expressions in classical literature and folk sayings, as shown in the examples above. It does not typically form standalone modern idioms.