besides
/bi'saidz/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adverb:
- In addition; also; furthermore: Used to introduce an additional point or reason.
- Otherwise; else: Used to indicate an alternative or something different.
- Moreover; used to strengthen a point: Used to add a more decisive or conclusive argument.
Preposition:
- In addition to; apart from: Used to indicate something is included or considered along with something else.
- Other than; except for: Used to indicate an exclusion (though this usage is less common and can be ambiguous).
Examples of Usage
Adverb:
- I don't want to go out tonight. Besides, I have too much work to do. (Introducing an additional, more decisive reason)
- The car is too expensive. Besides, we don't really need a new one. (Adding a reinforcing point)
- She didn't call, and I didn't expect her to, besides. (Meaning 'anyway' or 'in any case')
Preposition:
- Besides a full-time job, he also volunteers at the shelter. (In addition to)
- Who was at the meeting besides the committee members? (Apart from / in addition to)
- She has no close friends besides her sister. (Other than / apart from)
Advanced Usage
"besides" vs. "beside": It is crucial to distinguish "besides" (in addition) from "beside" (next to). They are different words.
- He sat beside me. (Next to)
- Besides me, only two people knew the secret. (In addition to)
Position in a sentence: As an adverb, "besides" often begins a clause or sentence to introduce a new point. As a preposition, it is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund.
- Adverb: It's too late to go. Besides, it's starting to rain.
- Preposition: Besides knowing the theory, you must also practice.
Variants and Related Words
- Furthermore (adv): In addition; moreover (more formal than "besides").
- The plan is risky. Furthermore, it's expensive.
- Moreover (adv): As a further matter; besides (formal).
- In addition (adv. phrase): Used to add an extra piece of information.
- In addition to his salary, he receives a bonus.
- Also (adv): In addition; too (more neutral and common).
Synonyms
- Adverb: Additionally, furthermore, moreover, also, too, as well, on top of that.
- Preposition: In addition to, apart from, aside from, over and above.
Related Phrases
- "That's besides the point": An idiom meaning "that is not relevant to the matter being discussed."
- Whether you like him or not is besides the point; we need his expertise for this project.
- "There's no one besides...": Emphasizes that there is no other person except the one mentioned.
- There's no one besides you that I trust with this.
Adverb
- in addition
- he has a Mercedes, too
- making an additional point; anyway; besides, we can't afford it"
- I don't want to go to a restaurant
- she couldn't shelter behind him all the time and in any case he wasn't always with her