cation
/'kætaiən/ Cách viết khác : (kation) /'kætaiən/
Definition
Noun: A cation is a positively charged ion. It is an atom or molecule that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive electrical charge. Cations are attracted to the cathode (negative electrode) during electrolysis.
Usage
The word cation is a scientific term used primarily in chemistry and physics. It refers to the type of ion that moves toward a negative pole. It is typically used in technical descriptions of chemical reactions, solutions, and electrical processes.
Examples
- In an ionic compound like sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium atom loses an electron to form a sodium cation (Na⁺).
- When table salt dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium cations and chloride anions.
- The movement of cations and anions through a solution conducts electricity.
Advanced Usage
- Polyatomic Cation: A cation formed from a group of atoms that are covalently bonded but carry a net positive charge (e.g., ammonium, NH₄⁺).
- Divalent Cation: A cation with a charge of +2, having lost two electrons (e.g., calcium, Ca²⁺; magnesium, Mg²⁺).
Variants and Related Words
- Cationic (Adjective): Relating to or characteristic of a cation.
- Example: The fabric softener uses a cationic surfactant to bind to negatively charged fabrics.
- Cation Exchange: A chemical process in which cations in a solution are exchanged for cations bound to a solid, like in soil or water softeners.
Synonyms
- Positive ion
- Anion (Antonym): A negatively charged ion.
Noun
-
a positively charged ion
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