consumer

/kən'sju:mə/

Thân thiện

A consumer buys fresh vegetables at the local market.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A person who purchases goods and services for personal use: A consumer is an individual who buys products or utilizes services to satisfy personal needs or wants, rather than for resale or commercial purposes.
   • An end user in an economic chain: In economics, a consumer is the final agent who uses goods and services, forming the demand side of the market.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:
  • The new law offers better protection for the average consumer.
  • As a conscious consumer, she researches products before buying them.
  • The company's success depends on understanding the needs of the modern consumer.

Advanced Usage

• "Consumer behavior": The study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources on consumption-related items.
  • Marketing strategies are heavily based on analyzing consumer behavior.
• "Consumer rights": The legal and moral entitlements of purchasers regarding the safety, information, and fairness of transactions.
  • The agency is dedicated to defending consumer rights against fraudulent practices.
• "Consumer society": A society characterized by the heavy consumption of goods and services, often driven by advertising and status.
  • Critics argue that a consumer society leads to excessive waste and environmental damage.

Variants and Related Words

• Consume (verb): To use up a resource; to eat or drink; to completely engage one's attention.
  • The project will consume a lot of time and energy.
• Consumption (noun): The act or process of using up a resource, or the quantity used.
  • The country's energy consumption has increased dramatically.
• Consumerism (noun): 1. The protection of consumers' interests. 2. A social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods in ever-greater amounts.
  • He wrote a book criticizing modern consumerism.

Synonyms

• Customer: A person who buys goods or services from a shop or business. (Often used interchangeably, but "customer" implies a specific transaction, while "consumer" is broader.)
• Purchaser: One who buys something.
• End user: The ultimate user of a product for whom it is designed.

Related Phrases

• Consumer confidence: An economic indicator measuring the degree of optimism consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation.
  • A rise in consumer confidence usually leads to increased spending.
• Consumer price index (CPI): A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services.
  • The government releases the CPI data monthly to track inflation.
• Consumer goods: Products bought for personal or household use, as opposed to capital goods used in production.
  • The store specializes in selling durable consumer goods like appliances.

Related Idioms

• "Caveat emptor": A Latin phrase meaning "let the buyer beware," implying the consumer bears the responsibility for checking the quality of a purchase. (This is a traditional principle, now often balanced by consumer protection laws.)
  • In some markets, the rule is still caveat emptor, so you must inspect items carefully.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a person who uses goods or services