các-ten
Definition
Noun: - Cartel: An agreement between competing companies or enterprises, typically in the same industry, to control prices, limit production, or divide markets among themselves, often to reduce competition and increase profits. This is a specific economic and financial term.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Các-ten dầu mỏ đã bị cơ quan chống độc quyền điều tra. (The oil cartel was investigated by the antitrust agency.)
- Việc hình thành các-ten thường dẫn đến giá cả cao hơn cho người tiêu dùng. (The formation of a cartel often leads to higher prices for consumers.)
- Luật pháp nhiều nước cấm các doanh nghiệp tham gia các-ten. (The laws of many countries prohibit businesses from joining a cartel.)
Advanced Usage
"bị cáo buộc là các-ten": to be accused of being a cartel.
- Nhóm công ty đó bị cáo buộc là các-ten trong ngành vận tải biển. (That group of companies is accused of being a cartel in the shipping industry.)
"các-ten bí mật": a secret cartel.
- Một các-ten bí mật đã thao túng giá nguyên liệu trong nhiều năm. (A secret cartel had manipulated raw material prices for years.)
Variants and Related Words
- Độc quyền (Monopoly): A market structure where a single seller controls the entire supply of a product or service.
- Liên minh (Alliance, Consortium): A general association for mutual benefit, not necessarily with the anti-competitive connotation of a cartel.
- Xê-náp (Syndicate): Another form of business combination, sometimes used similarly.
Synonyms
- Tổ chức độc quyền: Monopolistic organization.
- Liên minh doanh nghiệp: Business alliance (less specific).
Related Phrases / Compound Words
Các-ten hóa (Cartelization): The process of forming a cartel.
- Các-ten hóa thị trường là mối đe dọa với cạnh tranh tự do. (The cartelization of the market is a threat to free competition.)
Chống các-ten (Anti-cartel): Actions or laws against cartels.
- Cơ quan chống các-ten đã phạt nặng các công ty vi phạm. (The anti-cartel agency heavily fined the violating companies.)