fricative
/'frikətiv/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective:
- (Phonetics) Describing a speech sound produced by forcing the breath stream through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract, creating audible friction. For example, the sounds represented by the letters f, s, z, v, and th.
Noun:
- (Phonetics) A consonant sound characterized by the production of audible friction as the air passes through a narrow channel formed by the articulators. Examples include /f/, /s/, /ʃ/ (as in ship), and /ð/ (as in this).
Examples of Usage
Adjective:
- The sounds /f/ and /v/ are fricative consonants.
- In English, the fricative quality of the /s/ sound is very distinct.
Noun:
- The word "think" begins with the voiceless dental fricative /θ/.
- Languages like Arabic have several pharyngeal fricatives.
Advanced Usage
- Voiced vs. Voiceless Fricatives: Fricatives are categorized based on whether the vocal cords vibrate. For example, /f/ is a voiceless fricative, while its counterpart /v/ is a voiced fricative.
- Place of Articulation: Fricatives are further specified by where in the vocal tract the constriction occurs, such as labiodental (/f/, /v/), dental (/θ/, /ð/), alveolar (/s/, /z/), or glottal (/h/).
Variants and Related Words
- Spirant: (noun) A less common synonym for "fricative."
- Sibilant: (noun) A subset of fricatives characterized by a high-pitched, hissing quality, such as /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/.
Synonyms
- Spirant (technical, noun/adjective)
- Friction consonant (descriptive)
Related Phrases (Linguistic Terminology)
- Fricative release: The audible friction that characterizes the end of an affricate consonant (e.g., the /tʃ/ in ).
- To devoice a fricative: To pronounce a normally voiced fricative without vocal cord vibration.
Adjective
- of speech sounds produced by forcing air through a constricted passage (as `f', `s', `z', or `th' in both `thin' and `then')
Noun
- a continuant consonant produced by breath moving against a narrowing of the vocal tract