Definition

Noun: 1. Sex: The biological and physiological characteristics that define humans and other organisms as male, female, or intersex. This typically refers to physical attributes such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive/sexual anatomy. 2. Gender: In contemporary social science contexts, it can also refer to the social, cultural, and psychological traits, roles, and identities associated with being a man, woman, or another gender identity. (Note: In precise academic Vietnamese, "giới" is increasingly used for "gender," while "giới tính" primarily denotes biological sex, but common usage can blur this distinction.)

Usage Examples

• Noun (Biological Sex):
  • Giới tính của đứa trẻ sẽ được xác định khi siêu âm. (The child's sex will be determined during the ultrasound.)
  • Ở nhiều loài, giới tính được quyết định bởi nhiễm sắc thể. (In many species, sex is determined by chromosomes.)
• Noun (Gender/Sex in a broader social context):
  • Bình đẳng giới tính là một mục tiêu quan trọng. (Gender equality is an important goal.)
  • Anh ấy nghiên cứu về vai trò giới tính trong xã hội. (He studies gender roles in society.)

Advanced Usage

• "Phân biệt giới tính": Sex discrimination; gender discrimination.
  • Luật pháp cấm phân biệt giới tính tại nơi làm việc. (The law prohibits sex discrimination in the workplace.)
• "Đặc điểm giới tính": Sexual characteristics; sex characteristics.
  • Đặc điểm giới tính thứ cấp phát triển ở tuổi dậy thì. (Secondary sex characteristics develop during puberty.)
• "Bản dạng giới tính": Gender identity. (Note: "Bản dạng giới" is a more precise modern term for "gender identity," but "giới tính" may be used in broader discourse.)

Variants and Related Words

• Giới (noun): Often used as a shorter form, especially in compounds related to social gender (e.g., - gender equality). It can be ambiguous without context.
• Tính (noun): As a separate word, it means "nature," "character," or "property." In "giới tính," it combines with "giới" to specify the "nature/characteristic of category."
• Giới tính học (noun): Sexology.
• Liên giới tính (adjective/noun): Intersex.

Synonyms

• Phái (noun): A more literary or formal term for sex/gender, often used in fixed phrases (e.g., - the fair sex).
• Sex (noun): A direct loanword used informally, especially in contexts like "phim sex" (sex film).

Related Phrases / Collocations

• Giới tính thứ ba (noun phrase): Third gender (a cultural category for gender-variant individuals).
• Xác định giới tính (verb phrase): To determine sex; to assign sex (at birth).
• Khác giới tính (adjective phrase): Of the opposite sex.
• Đồng giới tính (adjective phrase): Of the same sex; homosexual (in terms of attraction/relationship). (Note: is a more common and specific term for homosexuality.)

Related Idioms

Note: There are few common idioms specifically with "giới tính." The concept is typically expressed directly. However, related proverbs about men and women often use words like "nam," "nữ," "trai," "gái."

noun

1. sex