Definition

1. Pronoun:

   • All, everyone, everything: Indicates the entirety of a group of people or things, without exception. It emphasizes completeness and totality.
   • The whole lot, the entire amount: Refers to the total sum or collection of items.

2. Adverb:

   • Altogether, completely, wholly: Used to modify a verb, indicating that an action applies to the entire group or is done in a complete manner.

Usage Examples

• As a Pronoun:

  • Hết thảy chúng tôi đều đồng ý. (All of us agree.)
  • Anh ấy đã ăn hết thảy số bánh đó. (He ate the whole lot of those cakes.)
  • Hết thảy mọi người đều được chào đón. (Everyone is welcome.)

• As an Adverb:

  • Công việc đã xong hết thảy. (The work is completely finished.)
  • Họ đã rời đi hết thảy. (They have all left.)

Advanced Usage

• "hết thảy mọi + [noun]": This is a common and emphatic structure meaning "all/every single [noun]".

  • Hết thảy mọi thành viên trong gia đình đều có mặt. (Every single member of the family is present.)
  • Cô ấy quý trọng hết thảy mọi khoảnh khắc. (She cherishes every single moment.)

• "tất cả hết thảy": A redundant but sometimes used phrase for strong emphasis, meaning "absolutely all".

  • Tài sản tất cả hết thảy đều bị tịch thu. (All property, absolutely all of it, was confiscated.)

Variants and Related Words

• Tất cả (pronoun): All, everything. This is the most common and neutral synonym. often carries a slightly more formal or emphatic tone.
• Toàn bộ (noun/phrase): The whole, the entirety. Focuses on the collective whole rather than the individual members.
• Toàn thể (noun): The whole body, the entirety (often used for groups of people). E.g., (the entire people).

Synonyms

• Mọi (determiner): Every, each. Used before a noun. ( - everyone)
• Cả (determiner): Both, all. Used before a noun, often implying inclusion. ( - the whole family)

Related Phrases

• Hết cả: A more colloquial variant with similar meaning.
  • Nó biến mất hết cả rồi. (It's all gone.)
• Hết sạch: Completely gone/used up (often for consumables).
  • Tiền tiêu hết sạch. (The money is all spent.)

Notes on Usage

• Formality: is more formal and literary than . It is common in written Vietnamese, official announcements, and formal speech.
• Position: It typically precedes the verb when used as a pronoun (e.g., - All stood up) or follows the verb as an adverb (e.g., - We all agree).
• Scope: It strongly implies no exceptions. The phrase is particularly emphatic.

1. All, all and sundry