hydrolyse
Definition
Verb: * To undergo a chemical process of decomposition or splitting that involves a reaction with water. In hydrolysis, a compound reacts with water, causing its molecules to break apart into two or more simpler substances.
Usage
The verb "hydrolyse" describes a specific chemical reaction. It is typically used in scientific contexts, such as chemistry, biochemistry, and food science. * It is often used in the passive voice ("is hydrolysed") to describe what happens to a compound. * It can be used transitively (with a direct object) to describe the action of causing something to undergo hydrolysis.
Examples
- Transitive use: Enzymes in the digestive system hydrolyse complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
- Intransitive/Passive use: The ester bond hydrolyses slowly in acidic conditions. / Sucrose is hydrolysed into glucose and fructose.
- Scientific context: The researchers studied how the polymer would hydrolyse in seawater over time.
Advanced Usage
- "Hydrolyse to form...": This phrase is common to specify the products of the reaction.
- The protein hydrolyses to form a mixture of amino acids.
- Causative Agent: The agent causing hydrolysis can be specified.
- The compound was hydrolysed by the enzyme lipase.
Variants and Related Words
- Hydrolyze (verb): The preferred spelling in American English. It has the same meaning and usage as "hydrolyse".
- Hydrolysis (noun): The name of the chemical process itself.
- The hydrolysis of starch is an important step in brewing.
- Hydrolysate (noun): The mixture of products resulting from hydrolysis.
- Whey protein hydrolysate is easier to digest.
Synonyms
- Decompose (by/with water): A more general term that can describe the process.
- Break down (with water): A common descriptive phrase for the process.
Antonyms
- Condense: To combine molecules with the loss of a small molecule like water (the reverse reaction in many cases).
- Synthesize: To build up a compound from simpler components, often not involving water in the same way.
Verb
-
undergo hydrolysis; decompose by reacting with water
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