monosaccharide

Thân thiện

A scientist holds up a molecular model of a monosaccharide.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A simple sugar that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars by hydrolysis: A monosaccharide is the most basic unit of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. It is the simplest form of sugar and serves as a building block for more complex carbohydrates.

Usage

• Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbon atoms they contain (e.g., trioses, pentoses, hexoses).
• They are the primary form of sugar absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion.
• Common examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Examples

• Noun:
  • Glucose is a vital monosaccharide that provides energy for cells.
  • Fructose, a monosaccharide found in fruits, is sweeter than glucose.
  • The basic structural formula of a monosaccharide is (CH₂O)n, where n is typically 3, 5, or 6.

Advanced Usage

• "Aldose" and "Ketose": Monosaccharides are further categorized based on their functional group. An aldose has an aldehyde group (e.g., glucose), while a ketose has a ketone group (e.g., fructose).
• "Ring formation": In aqueous solutions, monosaccharides often exist in cyclic ring structures rather than as straight chains.

Variants and Related Words

• Monosaccharose (n): A less common synonym for monosaccharide.
• Simple sugar (n): A common descriptive term for a monosaccharide.
• Ose (suffix): The suffix '-ose' typically indicates a sugar (e.g., glucose, sucrose). A monosaccharide is a single '-ose' unit.

Synonyms

• Simple carbohydrate: Emphasizes its role as a basic carb.
• Reducing sugar: Refers to many monosaccharides' chemical property of acting as a reducing agent (though some disaccharides are also reducing sugars).

Related Phrases and Terms

• "Hexose monosaccharide": A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, such as glucose or fructose.
• "Pentose monosaccharide": A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, such as ribose, a component of RNA.

Notes

• Monosaccharides are crystalline, water-soluble, and usually have a sweet taste.
• They are isomers of each other, meaning they share the same chemical formula but have different structural arrangements (e.g., glucose and fructose are both C₆H₁₂O₆).

Học thuật

Noun

1. a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

Từ đồng nghĩa

• monosaccharose
• simple sugar