hàn
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Adjective:
- Cold; poor: Describes a state of being cold, or a condition of poverty and hardship. This is a literary or formal usage.
- Verb:
- To weld; to solder: The primary modern meaning, referring to the process of joining pieces of metal or plastic by melting and fusing them.
- To fill (a tooth): In dentistry, to repair a cavity by filling it with a suitable material.
- Noun (abbreviation):
- Scholar; academic title: An abbreviation of "Hàn lâm" (Hanlin), historically referring to a member of the imperial academy or a scholar.
Usage Examples
- Adjective:
- Cuộc sống hàn vi. (A cold and poor life; a life of humble poverty.)
- Verb:
- Thợ sắt đang hàn một khung cửa sổ. (The ironworker is welding a window frame.)
- Tôi cần đi hàn răng. (I need to go get my tooth filled.)
- Noun:
- Ông hàn ấy rất uyên bác. (That scholar is very erudite.)
Advanced Usage
- "hàn gắn": to mend, to heal (often used figuratively for relationships or emotions).
- Họ cố gắng hàn gắn cuộc hôn nhân. (They try to mend their marriage.)
- "hàn thử biểu": thermometer (a compound word literally meaning "cold-heat meter").
- Hàn thử biểu chỉ 30 độ C. (The thermometer reads 30 degrees Celsius.)
Variants and Related Words
- Hàn lâm (n): Hanlin Academy; academia; scholarly.
- Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học. (The Academy of Sciences.)
- Hàn the (n): borax (a chemical used in welding and other processes).
- Thợ hàn (n): welder.
- Thợ hàn cần đeo mặt nạ bảo vệ. (A welder needs to wear a protective mask.)
Synonyms
- Adjective: lạnh (cold), nghèo (poor), khổ cực (hard).
- Verb: gắn kết (to join), vá (to patch - for teeth or pots).
- Noun: học giả (scholar), nhà nho (Confucian scholar).
Related Idioms
- Hàn sĩ: a poor scholar; an impoverished intellectual.
- Thuở hàn sĩ, ông ấy sống rất thanh bạch. (In his days as a poor scholar, he lived very modestly.)
- Cơ hàn: hunger and cold; extreme poverty.
- Gia đình ấy đã trải qua cảnh cơ hàn. (That family experienced destitution.)