insubordination

/'insə,bɔ:di'neiʃn/

Thân thiện

An employee shows insubordination by refusing to follow a manager's instruction.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders: The act of willfully disobeying or resisting the authority of a superior, especially in a military or organizational context.
   • An insubordinate act: A specific instance or behavior that constitutes such defiance.

Usage

• General Context: Used to describe a serious breach of discipline where a person refuses to follow legitimate orders or challenges authority.
• Formal/Professional Context: Commonly used in workplace, military, legal, and academic settings to describe a punishable offense.

Examples

• The soldier was court-martialed for insubordination after refusing a direct order from his commanding officer.
• The manager cited insubordination as the primary reason for the employee's dismissal.
• The teacher would not tolerate any insubordination in her classroom.

Advanced Usage

• "Charged with insubordination": A formal accusation in disciplinary proceedings.
  • The sergeant was charged with insubordination for his public criticism of the general's strategy.
• "Act of insubordination": Emphasizes a specific defiant action.
  • Rolling his eyes during the reprimand was seen as an act of insubordination.

Variants and Related Words

• Insubordinate (adj): Describing a person or behavior that is defiant of authority.
  • He was fired for his insubordinate attitude.
• Subordination (n): The opposite state; the act of placing oneself under the authority of another.

Synonyms

• Defiance: Open resistance or bold disobedience.
• Disobedience: Failure or refusal to obey rules or someone in authority.
• Rebelliousness: The characteristic of being defiant and resistant to control.
• Noncompliance: Failure to act in accordance with a rule, order, or request.

Antonyms

• Obedience: Compliance with an order, request, or law.
• Submissiveness: The quality of being ready to conform to the authority or will of others.
• Compliance: The action or fact of complying with a wish or command.

Related Phrases

• Willful insubordination: Emphasizes the deliberate and intentional nature of the disobedience.
  • The court found him guilty of willful insubordination.
• Gross insubordination: A severe or blatant form of the offense, often used in legal or HR terminology.
  • The contract listed gross insubordination as grounds for immediate termination.

Học thuật

Noun

1. an insubordinate act
2. defiance of authority

Từ đồng nghĩa

• rebelliousness