lòm
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective 1. An intensifier indicating an extreme degree, often with a negative connotation: Used after certain adjectives (typically describing color or taste) to emphasize that the quality is very strong, excessive, or unpleasantly intense. - Example: The word "lòm" itself is almost always used in combination with other adjectives and rarely stands alone.
Usage Examples
- Adjective (as an intensifier):
- Quả chanh này chua lòm. (This lemon is extremely/very sour.)
- Chiếc áo đỏ lòm. (The shirt is a garish/vivid red.)
- Mặt nó đỏ lòm vì xấu hổ. (His face turned bright red with embarrassment.)
Advanced Usage
- "lòm lòm": A reduplicated form that intensifies the meaning even further, emphasizing an excessive or overwhelming degree.
- Nước sốt chua lòm lòm. (The sauce is overpoweringly/exceptionally sour.)
Variants and Related Words
- Very (rất): A neutral intensifier. "Lòm" is more colloquial and often carries a nuance of excess.
- Quá: Can mean "too" or "very." While "quá" can be neutral or negative, "lòm" almost always implies the degree is striking or somewhat unpleasant.
Synonyms
- Cực kỳ: Extremely.
- Vô cùng: Immensely, exceedingly.
- Thấy ghê: (Colloquial) So much that it's off-putting.
Notes on Meaning
- Negative Connotation: "Lòm" typically suggests the extreme quality is undesirable, excessive, or garish. For example, "đỏ lòm" implies a red that is too bright or vulgar, not a beautiful crimson. "Chua lòm" implies unpleasantly sour, not tart in a good way.
- Limited Combination: It primarily combines with a small set of adjectives like "chua" (sour), "đỏ" (red), or "béo" (fatty/greasy - e.g., "béo lòm"). It is not a general-purpose intensifier like "rất."
- Standalone Use: The word "lòm" is almost never used by itself in modern Vietnamese. Its meaning is entirely dependent on the adjective it follows.
- very
- chua lòmvery sour