Definition

1. Verb:
   • To stop, to cease, to halt: "ngưng" primarily means to bring an activity, process, or state to an end.
   • To condense: In scientific contexts, "ngưng" refers to the process where a gas or vapor changes into a liquid state.

Usage Examples

• Verb (to stop/cease):

  • Công ty đã ngưng sản xuất mẫu xe này. (The company has ceased production of this car model.)
  • Xin hãy ngưng nói chuyện ồn ào. (Please stop talking loudly.)
  • Trời mưa nên họ phải ngưng trận đấu. (It rained so they had to suspend the match.)

• Verb (to condense):

  • Hơi nước ngưng lại thành những giọt nước trên cửa kính. (Water vapor condensed into water droplets on the window pane.)

Advanced Usage

• "Ngưng lại": To pause, to stop temporarily. This emphasizes a temporary halt.

  • Anh ấy ngưng lại một chút để suy nghĩ. (He paused for a moment to think.)

• "Ngưng hoạt động": To cease operations, to shut down.

  • Nhà máy này sẽ ngưng hoạt động vào cuối năm. (This factory will cease operations at the end of the year.)

• "Ngưng tụ": To condense (a more formal/scientific term for the condensation process).

  • Sự ngưng tụ hơi nước tạo thành mây. (The condensation of water vapor forms clouds.)

Variants and Related Words

• Ngưng trệ (verb/adjective): To stagnate, to be stalled, to be at a standstill. This implies a halt that causes a problem or delay.

  • Giao thông bị ngưng trệ hoàn toàn. (Traffic was completely stalled.)

• Ngưng đọng (verb): To accumulate by settling or condensing. Often used for liquids or sediments.

  • Bùn ngưng đọng dưới đáy hồ. (Mud settled at the bottom of the lake.)

• Đình chỉ (verb): To suspend, to discontinue (often formal or official). A close synonym for "ngưng" in the sense of stopping an activity.

• Tạm dừng (verb): To pause, to stop temporarily. A very common synonym for the temporary sense of "ngưng".

Synonyms

• Dừng: To stop, to halt. Often interchangeable with "ngưng" for ceasing motion or action.
• Chấm dứt: To end, to terminate (more final than "ngưng").
• Ngừng: To stop, to cease. A variant spelling/pronunciation that is essentially synonymous with "ngưng" in the "stop" sense.

Related Phrases (Phrasal Verbs)

• Ngưng làm việc: To stop working.

  • Nhân viên được yêu cầu ngưng làm việc lúc 5 giờ. (Employees are required to stop working at 5 o'clock.)

• Ngưng chiến: To cease fire, to have a truce.

  • Hai bên đã đồng ý ngưng chiến. (The two sides agreed to a ceasefire.)

Related Idioms

• Ngưng hơi (also Ngưng): An older or alternative term specifically meaning "to condense" (of vapor).
  • (As seen in the reference: "Hơi nước ngưng lại")

(Note: "Ngưng" itself is a core verb and is not typically part of longer figurative idioms. The idiomatic expressions are more commonly formed with its synonyms.)

1. Condense
2. Cease, stop, knock off, interrupt, break, suspend
   • Ngưng làm việc
     To stop working
   • Ngưng công việc lại mươi phút
     To knock off for ten minutes