Definition

1. Noun (Physics):
   • Diffraction: The phenomenon where a wave, such as light or sound, spreads out and bends as it passes through an opening or around the edge of an obstacle. This results in patterns of interference (alternating bands of light and dark or high and low intensity).

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Hiện tượng nhiễu xạ ánh sáng có thể quan sát được khi ánh sáng đi qua một khe hẹp. (The phenomenon of light diffraction can be observed when light passes through a narrow slit.)
  • Nhiễu xạ là một bằng chứng quan trọng cho thấy ánh sáng có tính chất sóng. (Diffraction is an important proof that light has wave properties.)
  • Các nhà khoa học sử dụng nhiễu xạ tia X để phân tích cấu trúc tinh thể. (Scientists use X-ray diffraction to analyze crystal structures.)

Advanced Usage

• "Nhiễu xạ qua đơn khe": Single-slit diffraction.

  • Thí nghiệm nhiễu xạ qua đơn khe cho thấy một vân sáng trung tâm rộng. (The single-slit diffraction experiment shows a wide central bright fringe.)

• "Nhiễu xạ qua cách tử": Diffraction grating.

  • Cách tử nhiễu xạ được dùng trong máy quang phổ để tách ánh sáng thành các màu thành phần. (A diffraction grating is used in a spectroscope to separate light into its component colors.)

Variants and Related Words

• Giao thoa (n): Interference; a related phenomenon where two or more waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lower amplitude.
• Sóng (n): Wave; the entity that undergoes diffraction.

Synonyms

• Bending of waves: A descriptive synonym for the spreading effect of waves.
• Spreading of waves: Another descriptive term for the phenomenon.

Related Scientific Terms

• Nguyên lý Huygens–Fresnel (Huygens–Fresnel principle): A theoretical model used to describe and predict the propagation and diffraction of waves.
• Vân nhiễu xạ (Diffraction pattern): The specific pattern of light and dark or high and low intensity bands produced by diffraction.

1. (vật lý) diffract