retroactive

/,retrou'æktiv/

Thân thiện

A new law made the tax increase retroactive to the beginning of the year.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Having effect from a date in the past: Describes a law, rule, payment, or change that applies to a period before it was formally approved or enacted.
   • Influencing the past: Describes an action or process that changes how past events are viewed or that alters the consequences of past actions.

Usage

• General Use: The term is primarily used in legal, financial, and administrative contexts to describe rules or payments that apply backward in time.
• Grammar: Typically used attributively (before a noun) or predicatively (after a linking verb like "is" or "was").

Examples

• Attributive Use (before a noun):
  • The government passed a retroactive pay raise for all employees hired since last January.
  • The court ruled that the new law could not be retroactive.
• Predicative Use (after a linking verb):
  • The tax increase was made retroactive to the beginning of the fiscal year.
  • These benefits are not retroactive.

Advanced Usage

• "retroactive to": A common prepositional phrase specifying the date from which something applies backward.
  • The policy change is retroactive to the first of the month.
• "retroactive effect": A noun phrase describing the backward-acting impact itself.
  • The judge considered the potential retroactive effect of her ruling.

Variants and Related Words

• Retroactively (adverb): In a retroactive manner.
  • Payments will be applied retroactively.
• Retroactivity (noun): The quality or state of being retroactive.
  • The legal principle forbids the retroactivity of criminal laws.

Synonyms

• Ex post facto: (Latin, used in law) Done, made, or formulated after the fact.
• Backdated: Having an earlier date assigned to it.

Antonyms

• Prospective: Effective or applying to the future; forward-looking.
• Non-retroactive: Not applying to the past.

Related Idioms and Phrases

• Retroactive jealousy: (A modern psychological term) Jealousy regarding a partner's past romantic relationships or experiences.
  • He struggled with retroactive jealousy after learning about his wife's previous life.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. affecting things past
   • retroactive tax increase
   • an ex-post-facto law
   • retro pay
2. descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect on the effects of events or stimuli or process that occurred previously

Từ đồng nghĩa

• ex post facto
• retro