Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • In order to, so that: Used to introduce a purpose or intended result of an action. It is a literary or formal equivalent of the more common "để".
2. Verb (archaic/dialectal):
   • To be able to, to be possible to: Expresses capability or possibility. This usage is now largely obsolete in standard modern Vietnamese, surviving primarily in dialects or fixed expressions.

Usage Examples

• Conjunction:
  • Tôi học chăm chỉ đặng đạt kết quả tốt. (I study hard in order to achieve good results.)
  • Hãy nói to lên đặng mọi người nghe rõ. (Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear clearly.)
• Verb (archaic/dialectal):
  • Việc này tôi không làm đặng. (I am not able to do this job.)

Advanced Usage

• "đặng" as a formal conjunction: In formal writing, speeches, or poetry, "đặng" can be used for stylistic variation instead of "để" to convey purpose with a more classical tone.
  • Phấn đấu không ngừng đặng vươn tới những chân trời mới. (Strive incessantly in order to reach new horizons.)

Variants and Related Words

• Để: The standard, everyday conjunction meaning "in order to".
  • Tôi tiết kiệm tiền để mua nhà. (I save money to buy a house.)
• Hầu: A very formal/literary conjunction similar to "đặng", meaning "so as to".
  • Xin quý khách giữ trật tự hầu buổi biểu diễn được bắt đầu. (Please keep quiet so that the performance may begin.)

Synonyms

• In order to / So that: (for the conjunction).
• To be able to / Can: (for the archaic verb).

Notes on Usage

• Register: The conjunction "đặng" is considered formal and is less common in everyday spoken Vietnamese, where "để" is preferred. The verb form is archaic and may be encountered in folk songs, proverbs, or regional dialects.
• Structure: When used as a conjunction, "đặng" typically connects two clauses, where the first clause states an action and the second states its purpose.

1. Able possible
   • Không làm đặng
     To be unable to do (some job..)
2. In order to, in order that, for..to