hạch
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun:
- Lymph node: A small, bean-shaped structure that is part of the body's lymphatic system, often swelling when fighting infection.
- (Biology) Nucleus: The central and most important part of a cell, containing genetic material.
- (Historical) Preliminary examination: A qualifying or screening test held before the main imperial examinations in historical Vietnam.
Verb:
- To interrogate; to give someone a hard time: To question or examine someone severely and often unfairly.
- To extort; to demand (money, satisfaction): To pressure someone, often through intimidation, to give something.
Usage Examples
Noun:
- Cô ấy bị sưng hạch ở cổ. (She has a swollen lymph node in her neck.)
- Hạch là trung tâm điều khiển của tế bào. (The nucleus is the control center of the cell.)
- Ông cụ từng đỗ kỳ thi hạch thời xưa. (The old man once passed the preliminary examination in the old days.)
Verb:
- Ông chủ cứ hạch nhân viên về những lỗi nhỏ. (The boss keeps interrogating the employees about minor mistakes.)
- Bọn côn đồ đến hạch tiền các tiểu thương. (The gangsters came to extort money from the street vendors.)
Advanced Usage
"nổi hạch": to have swollen lymph nodes (a common phrase indicating illness).
- Sốt cao và nổi hạch có thể là dấu hiệu của nhiễm trùng. (High fever and swollen lymph nodes can be signs of infection.)
"hạch sách": to nitpick; to find fault persistently and annoyingly (a common compound).
- Anh ta luôn hạch sách từng chi tiết trong báo cáo. (He always nitpicks every detail in the report.)
Variants and Related Words
Hạch toán (verb): to calculate; to settle accounts (a common compound in business/finance).
- Phòng kế toán đang hạch toán chi phí. (The accounting department is calculating the costs.)
Hạch tâm (noun - archaic/literary): core; central point (similar to 'nucleus' in a figurative sense).
- Bệnh hạch (noun): lymphadenopathy; a disease characterized by swollen lymph nodes.
Synonyms
- Noun (Lymph node): tuyến bạch huyết (lymphatic gland).
- Verb (To interrogate): chất vấn, tra hỏi (to question).
- Verb (To extort): bóc lột, cưỡng đoạt (to exploit, to extort).
Related Phrases (Phrasal Verbs)
- Hạch hỏi: to interrogate; to question rigorously (emphasizes the 'asking' aspect).
- Cảnh sát hạch hỏi nghi phạm suốt nhiều giờ. (The police interrogated the suspect for many hours.)
Related Idioms
- "Vạch lá tìm sâu" / "Bới lông tìm vết": These idioms (meaning "to part leaves to find worms" / "to rummage through fur to find flaws") share a similar concept with the verb 'hạch' in the sense of nitpicking or finding fault where there is little.
- Đừng có vạch lá tìm sâu, hạch từng lỗi nhỏ thế. (Don't nitpick like that, interrogating every small mistake.)
noun
- gland; (bool) nucleus
- (y học) Bubo
verb
- to examine; to demand satisfaction