Definition

1. Noun:
   • Dye: A substance used to impart color to materials, especially fabrics.
   • Grade / Rank: A historical term for an official rank in the Vietnamese feudal bureaucracy, from the first rank (highest) to the ninth rank (lowest).
   • Unit: A classifier for a specific type of ceremonial glutinous rice cake ("oản").

Usage Examples

• As "Dye":
  • Cô ấy mua phẩm đỏ để nhuộm vải. (She bought red dye to color the fabric.)
• As "Grade/Rank":
  • Ông ta được thăng lên chính tứ phẩm. (He was promoted to the fourth rank, main class.)
• As "Unit":
  • Mẹ tôi chuẩn bị một phẩm oản để cúng. (My mother prepared one ceremonial rice cake for worship.)

Advanced Usage

• "phẩm hàm": Official rank title.
  • Phẩm hàm của quan lại được quy định rất rõ. (The official ranks of mandarins were clearly defined.)
• "phẩm chất": Quality or character (of a person). Note: This is a compound word where "phẩm" contributes the meaning of inherent grade or quality.
  • Phẩm chất đạo đức là rất quan trọng. (Moral character is very important.)

Variants and Related Words

• Thuốc phẩm (n): Dyestuff, dye.
  • Cửa hàng bán nhiều loại thuốc phẩm. (The shop sells many types of dyestuff.)
• Nhuộm phẩm (v): To dye using synthetic or chemical dyes.
  • Chiếc áo này được nhuộm phẩm. (This shirt was dyed with chemical dye.)

Synonyms

• Dye: colorant, pigment.
• Rank: grade, level, tier.
• Unit: item, piece (specifically for "oản").

Related Idioms

• "Cao phẩm": High-grade, high-quality. Often used to describe superior goods or moral character.
  • Anh ấy là người có tư cách cao phẩm. (He is a person of high moral character.)
• "Phẩm giá": Dignity. This compound word refers to the worth and honor of a person.
  • Hãy giữ gìn phẩm giá của mình. (One must preserve one's dignity.)

noun

1. dye