rugged

/'rʌgid/

Thân thiện

The hikers crossed the rugged mountain terrain.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Topographically very uneven; having a rough, irregular surface: Describes land, terrain, or surfaces that are rocky, jagged, or full of natural obstacles.
   • Sturdy and strong in construction or constitution; built to endure hardship: Describes objects or people that are robust, durable, and able to withstand difficult conditions.
   • Very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution: Describes situations, tasks, or lifestyles that are harsh, demanding, and challenging.
   • Having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface: Describes a face or surface marked by deep lines or furrows, often suggesting character or age.

Examples of Usage

• Describing terrain:
  • The hikers crossed the rugged mountain pass.
  • They drove through rugged country with few roads.
• Describing durability:
  • This rugged backpack is designed for outdoor adventures.
  • He has a rugged, dependable character.
• Describing difficulty:
  • Pioneers faced a rugged life on the frontier.
  • The training course was physically and mentally rugged.
• Describing a lined surface:
  • His rugged face was etched with years of experience.

Advanced Usage

• "Rugged individualism": A social philosophy emphasizing self-reliance, independence, and personal freedom, often associated with pioneering spirit.
  • The myth of the American frontier celebrates rugged individualism.
• "Rugged beauty": A type of beauty that is wild, untamed, and austere, often used for landscapes.
  • We admired the rugged beauty of the coastline.

Variants and Related Words

• Ruggedly (adverb): In a rugged manner.
  • The cabin was ruggedly built from local timber.
• Ruggedness (noun): The quality or state of being rugged.
  • The ruggedness of the terrain made the journey slow.

Synonyms

• For terrain: Uneven, rough, jagged, rocky.
• For durability: Sturdy, robust, tough, durable, hardy.
• For difficulty: Arduous, harsh, tough, demanding, grueling.
• For a lined face: Furrowed, wrinkled, craggy.

Antonyms

• For terrain: Smooth, even, flat.
• For durability: Delicate, fragile, flimsy.
• For difficulty: Easy, gentle, mild.
• For appearance: Smooth, unlined.

Related Phrases

• "Rugged up" (informal, chiefly Australian/British): To be dressed in very warm clothing.
  • It's freezing outside, so make sure you're rugged up.
• "Rugged coast": A coastline characterized by cliffs, rocks, and a lack of smooth beaches.
  • The ship sailed along the rugged coast of Scotland.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution
   • a rugged competitive examination
   • the rugged conditions of frontier life
   • the competition was tough
   • it's a tough life
   • it was a tough job
2. topographically very uneven
   • broken terrain
   • rugged ground
3. having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface
   • furrowed fields
   • his furrowed face lit by a warming smile
4. sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring
   • with a house full of boys you have to have rugged furniture

Từ đồng nghĩa

• tough
• broken
• furrowed