specific
/spi'sifik/
Definition
Adjective:
- Clearly defined or identified: Refers to something that is precise, exact, and not general or vague.
- Relating to a particular subject, thing, or group: Indicates something that is unique, distinctive, or characteristic of a specific category.
- In biology, relating to a species: Pertains to the distinguishing characteristics of a particular taxonomic species.
Noun:
- A medicine effective against a particular disease: A remedy that has a mitigating effect on a specific illness or condition.
- A particular fact or detail: A distinct piece of information about a part, as opposed to general information.
Examples of Usage
Adjective:
- Please provide specific instructions for the task. (The instructions need to be precise and detailed.)
- Each job has its own specific requirements. (The requirements are unique to that particular job.)
- The symptoms are specific to this disease. (The symptoms are characteristic and identifying for this particular illness.)
Noun:
- Penicillin was a specific for many bacterial infections. (Penicillin was a targeted medicine for those infections.)
- Let's move from generalities to specifics. (Let's discuss particular details instead of broad ideas.)
Advanced Usage
"Specific to": Applying only to a particular thing or group.
- This protocol is specific to laboratory safety. (This protocol applies only to safety in labs.)
In scientific contexts: Used to describe properties or measurements relative to a standard unit.
- The specific gravity of a substance is its density relative to water.
Variants and Related Words
Specifically (adverb): In a specific manner; for a particular purpose or person.
- The tool was designed specifically for left-handed users.
Specify (verb): To state or describe something clearly and precisely.
- The contract must specify the delivery date.
Specification (noun): An act of specifying or a detailed description of requirements.
- The engineer reviewed the technical specifications.
Synonyms
- Adjective: Precise, exact, particular, distinct, explicit, definite.
- Noun: Detail, particular, item.
Antonyms
- Adjective: General, vague, nonspecific, ambiguous, indefinite.
- Noun: Generalization, overview.
Related Phrases
To be specific: Used to introduce a precise detail or example.
- We need to improve efficiency—to be specific, we must reduce processing time.
In specific: An alternative to "in particular" or "specifically."
- He discussed the budget, and in specific, the marketing allocation.
Adjective
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being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides
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quinine is highly specific for malaria
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a specific remedy
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a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements
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relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species
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specific characters
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stated explicitly or in detail
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needed a specific amount
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(sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique
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rules with specific application
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demands specific to the job
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a specific and detailed account of the accident
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Noun
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a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease
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quinine is a specific for malaria
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a fact about some part (as opposed to general)
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he always reasons from the particular to the general
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