Definition

1. Adjective:
   • In excess, surplus, leftover: Describes a quantity or amount that is more than what is needed, required, or than the average. It implies having more than necessary, often resulting in a remainder.
   • To exceed, to be more than: Used to indicate that something surpasses a limit, standard, or expected amount.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Anh ta mua thức ăn dôi ra so với nhu cầu. (He bought food in excess of the requirement.)
  • Sau bữa tiệc, thức ăn vẫn còn dôi. (After the party, there was still food left over.)
  • Số lượng đăng ký dôi so với chỉ tiêu. (The number of registrations exceeds the quota.)

Advanced Usage

• "Dôi ra": To be left over, to be surplus.

  • Tính toán kỹ để không có vật liệu dôi ra. (Calculate carefully so that there are no materials left over.)

• "Làm dôi": To do/make more than needed, often intentionally.

  • Mẹ thường làm dôi cơm để phòng khi có khách. (Mother often makes extra rice in case there are guests.)

Variants and Related Words

• Dư (adj): Excess, surplus, leftover. (Note: "Dư" is more common and general than "dôi". "Dôi" often implies a calculated or anticipated excess.)
• Thừa (adj): Surplus, extra, redundant.

Synonyms

• Thặng dư: Surplus (often used in economic contexts).
• Vượt quá: To exceed, to go beyond.

Related Phrases

• Dôi dư (adj): Ample, more than enough, abundant. (This is a compound word combining "dôi" and "dư").
  • Chuẩn bị dôi dư tài chính cho dự án. (Prepare ample finances for the project.)

Related Idioms

• "Cơm dôi, gạo thừa": (Literally: Surplus rice, extra grain). This idiom describes a state of abundance, having more than enough material resources.
  • Nhờ làm ăn phát đạt, gia đình họ sống trong cảnh cơm dôi, gạo thừa. (Thanks to prosperous business, their family lives in abundance.)

1. In excess (of requirement or average)
   • Gieo dôi mạ để phòng úng lụt
     To sow rice in excess in anticipation of waterlogging and floods
2. Be left in excess