di
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Verb:
- To rub or grind with pressure using the foot or hand: To press down on an object with the sole of the foot, palm of the hand, or fingers and move back and forth to crush, erase, or smear it.
- To move or transfer (something) to another place: To relocate or shift something from its original position to a different one. This usage is more formal or literary.
Usage Examples
- Verb (To rub/crush):
- Anh ấy dùng chân di tàn thuốc xuống sàn. (He used his foot to stub out the cigarette ash on the floor.)
- Đứa trẻ di tay lên tường làm bẩn hết sơn. (The child rubbed its hand on the wall, dirtying all the paint.)
- Verb (To move/transfer):
- Gia đình họ đã di hài cốt ông bà về quê. (Their family moved their grandparents' remains back to their hometown.)
- Thành phố có kế hoạch di dân đến vùng đất mới. (The city has a plan to relocate residents to a new area.)
Advanced Usage
- "di dân": to relocate people, to resettle a population.
- Chính sách di dân đi kinh tế mới được thực hiện vào những năm 80. (The New Economic Zone resettlement policy was implemented in the 80s.)
- "di hài" / "di cốt": (literary) remains, bones of the deceased; often used in the context of moving them.
- Lễ di hài được tiến hành trang trọng. (The ceremony to transfer the remains was conducted solemnly.)
Variants and Related Words
- Dời (verb): A more common synonym for the "to move/relocate" meaning of "di".
- Họ sẽ dời văn phòng vào tháng tới. (They will move the office next month.)
- Dịch chuyển (verb): To shift, to displace (often used in technical or formal contexts).
- Chà xát (verb): To scrub, to rub hard. This is a stronger, more specific synonym for the rubbing action of "di".
Synonyms
- Cọ xát / Chà: to rub, to scrub (for the "rubbing" meaning).
- Dời đi / Chuyển đi: to move away, to transfer (for the "relocating" meaning).
Related Phrases (Collocations)
- Di tàn thuốc: to stub out cigarette ash.
- Di chuyển: to move, to travel. (Note: This is a very common compound verb where "di" contributes the sense of movement).
- Di dân: to resettle people.
- Di cư: to migrate.
Notes on Usage
- The meaning "to rub/crush with the foot or hand" is the primary and most frequently used meaning in everyday modern Vietnamese.
- The meaning "to move/transfer" is less common in daily speech and carries a formal, administrative, or literary tone. It is often found in fixed phrases like "di dân" (resettlement) or "di hài" (transfer of remains).
- The verb "di" in the sense of movement should not be confused with the extremely common verb "đi" (to go). They are different words.
verb
- to move to leave behind; to crush with feet by rubbing