Definition

1. Preposition:
   • By; because of; due to: Indicates the cause, reason, or origin of something. It is used to show that something happens as a result of a specific factor or agent.
   • From: Indicates the source or starting point of something.

Usage Examples

• Preposition:
  • Hỏng việc do hấp tấp. (The work failed because of haste.)
  • Phải luôn luôn do nơi quần chúng mà kiểm soát những khẩu hiệu. (We must always check the slogans from the masses.)
  • Tai nạn xảy ra do lỗi kỹ thuật. (The accident happened due to a technical error.)
  • Bức thư này do anh ấy viết. (This letter was written by him.)

Advanced Usage

• "Do đâu mà...": Why is it that...?; What is the reason that...?

  • Do đâu mà anh đến muộn? (What is the reason that you arrived late?)

• "Do bởi": Because of; On account of (a more formal or emphatic variant).

  • Do bởi thời tiết xấu, chuyến bay bị hủy. (Because of the bad weather, the flight was canceled.)

Variants and Related Words

• Bởi do (conjunction): Because; Since (used to introduce a reason clause).

  • Tôi không đi được bởi do tôi bận. (I cannot go because I am busy.)

• Nguyên do (noun): The cause; the reason.

  • Nguyên do của vấn đề là gì? (What is the cause of the problem?)

Synonyms

• Bởi vì: Because (conjunction).
• Tại vì: Because (conjunction, often used in spoken Vietnamese).
• Vì: Because; For (preposition/conjunction).

Related Phrases

• Do đó (conjunctive adverb): Therefore; Consequently; Because of that.

  • Trời mưa to. Do đó, chúng tôi ở nhà. (It rained heavily. Therefore, we stayed home.)

• Do vậy (conjunctive adverb): Therefore; Hence (similar to "do đó").

  • Anh ấy không học bài. Do vậy, anh ấy thi trượt. (He did not study. Hence, he failed the exam.)

Related Idioms

• Do trời (literally "by heaven"): Due to fate or heaven's will; used to describe something unavoidable or destined.

  • Số phận thế này là do trời. (This fate is heaven's will.)

• Do người (literally "by people"): Caused by human action; man-made.

  • Thảm họa này là do người. (This disaster is man-made.)

trạng ngữ by; because of