supra

/'sju:prə/
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supra

The term is defined supra in the previous paragraph.

Definition

Adverb: - At an earlier place (in a text): Used in formal writing, especially in academic or legal contexts, to direct the reader to something mentioned previously. It means "see above" or "mentioned earlier."

Usage
  • In formal writing: "Supra" is used in citations and references to point to a source, note, or argument that was already provided in the same document. It is the opposite of "infra" (see below).
  • Position in a sentence: It typically appears in parentheses or as part of a citation, not as a standard adverb modifying a verb in everyday speech.
Examples
  • In a legal footnote: (supra).* (This means the case was cited earlier in the document.)
  • In an academic paper: (This means the argument was made in a preceding section of the paper.)
  • In a reference:
Advanced Usage
  • "Supra note [X]": A common citation format in legal writing, referring to a footnote that was cited earlier.
    • For a full analysis of this principle, see supra note 22.
  • Contrast with "infra": While "supra" means "above," "infra" means "below" and directs the reader to something that will appear later in the text.
    • The data supporting this claim are presented infra, in Section 4.
Variants and Related Words
  • Supra- (Prefix): A combining form meaning "above," "over," or "beyond," used in many technical and scientific terms.
    • Supranational (adj): Having power or influence that transcends national boundaries (e.g., a supranational organization like the EU).
    • Supramolecular (adj): Relating to structures more complex than individual molecules.
Synonyms
  • Above
  • Earlier
  • Previously mentioned
  • Antecedent (though this is more often an adjective)
Notes
  • Formality: "Supra" is highly formal and almost exclusively used in written English within specific fields like law, academia, and technical writing. It is not used in everyday conversation.
  • Clarity: Its purpose is to avoid repetition and make lengthy documents easier to navigate by efficiently referring back to prior information.
supra

The term is defined supra in the previous paragraph.

Adverb
  1. at an earlier place
    • see above

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