tartar

/'tɑ:tə/
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tartar

A dentist shows a patient the tartar on their teeth.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A hard, yellowish deposit on the teeth: A crusty, calcified substance that forms on teeth and gums from plaque, also called dental calculus.
    • A member of a group of Central Asian peoples: A person belonging to various Turkic-speaking peoples, historically including those of the Mongol Empire who invaded parts of Europe and Asia.
    • (Informal, dated) A harsh, irritable, or violent-tempered person: Often used specifically to describe a woman with a sharp or fierce temper.
    • A salt used in cooking and baking: Potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar), a byproduct of winemaking used as a stabilizer or leavening agent.
Usage Examples

  • Noun (Dental Deposit): Regular brushing helps prevent the buildup of tartar on your teeth.The dental hygienist removed the tartar during my cleaning.

  • Noun (Central Asian People): The Tartar armies were formidable under Genghis Khan.She studied the history of the Tartar peoples.

  • Noun (Irritable Person): His boss was a real tartar, always criticizing everyone's work. (Note: This usage is now considered old-fashioned and potentially offensive.)

  • Noun (Cooking Salt): Add a pinch of tartar to the egg whites to help them stiffen.Cream of tartar is a key ingredient in many baking powder recipes.

Advanced Usage
  • "To catch a Tartar": An idiom meaning to encounter or confront someone who is unexpectedly formidable or more powerful than oneself, resulting in a difficult situation.
Variants and Related Words
  • Tatar: An alternative spelling often used interchangeably with "Tartar" when referring to the ethnic group, though "Tatar" is now generally preferred in academic contexts.
  • Cream of tartar: The common name for potassium bitartrate.
  • Tartaric acid: The organic acid from which cream of tartar is derived.
Synonyms
  • For Dental Tartar: Calculus, dental calculus.
  • For Irritable Person: Harridan, shrew, termagant, virago (all dated and often gender-specific).
  • For the Salt: Potassium bitartrate, cream of tartar.
Related Phrases
  • Tartar sauce: A condiment made with mayonnaise, chopped pickles, capers, and herbs. (Note: This is a compound word listed here as a related culinary term, not a direct meaning of "tartar" alone).
tartar

A dentist shows a patient the tartar on their teeth.

Noun
  1. an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums
  2. a member of the Mongolian people of central Asia who invaded Russia in the 13th century
  3. a fiercely vigilant and unpleasant woman
  4. a salt used especially in baking powder

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