temper

/'tempə/
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temper

A blacksmith tempers a steel blade in his workshop.

Definition

  1. Noun:

    • A person's state of mind or feelings, especially regarding anger: A characteristic emotional state or mood, often temporary. It can refer to a tendency to become angry easily.
    • A sudden outburst of anger: A fit or display of anger.
    • Calmness of mind; composure: The ability to control one's anger.
    • The degree of hardness and resilience in a material: Specifically, the hardness and elasticity imparted to steel or glass by a process of heating and cooling.

  2. Verb:

    • To moderate or soften the effect of something: To make something less extreme, severe, or intense by adding another element.
    • To bring something to a desired consistency or hardness: To treat metal or glass by heating and cooling to achieve specific properties.
    • To adjust the pitch of a musical instrument: To tune or adjust, particularly for pianos.
Examples of Usage

  • Noun:

    • She has a very calm temper. (She is generally a calm person.)
    • He lost his temper during the argument. (He became very angry.)
    • It's important to keep your temper in stressful situations. (It's important to remain calm.)
    • The steel has a fine temper. (The steel has been treated to be hard and resilient.)

  • Verb:

    • He tempered his criticism with words of encouragement. (He made his criticism less harsh by adding encouragement.)
    • The blacksmith tempered the blade in oil. (The blacksmith hardened the metal blade by heating and then cooling it in oil.)
    • The instrument needs to be tempered. (The instrument needs its pitch adjusted.)
Advanced Usage
  • "To be in a bad/good temper": To be in a bad/good mood.
    • She's been in a bad temper all morning. (She has been in a bad mood.)
  • "A fit of temper": A sudden, uncontrolled outburst of anger.
    • He threw the book in a fit of temper. (He threw the book in a sudden angry outburst.)
  • "To temper justice with mercy": To combine strict justice with leniency.
    • The judge tempered justice with mercy for the first-time offender. (The judge was strict but also showed kindness.)
Variants and Related Words
  • Temperamental (adj): Relating to a person's temperament; liable to unpredictable changes of mood.
    • The actor was known for being temperamental. (The actor was known for having unpredictable moods.)
  • Temperance (n): Moderation or self-restraint, especially in eating and drinking.
    • He practiced temperance and never drank alcohol. (He showed self-control by not drinking alcohol.)
  • Tempered (adj): Having been treated to achieve a desired hardness; or, moderated in intensity.
    • It was a strongly worded but tempered response. (It was a strong but moderated response.)
    • This is made from tempered glass. (This is made from glass treated to be strong.)
Synonyms
  • Noun (mood/anger): Disposition, mood, humor, irritation, rage, composure, calm.
  • Verb (moderate): Moderate, soften, mitigate, alleviate, restrain.
Related Phrasal Verbs

(Note: "Temper" is not commonly used in phrasal verb constructions. Its meanings are typically expressed directly.)

Related Idioms
  • "Keep/lose one's temper": To maintain/cease to maintain self-control, especially over anger.
    • Despite the provocation, she kept her temper. (She stayed calm even though she was provoked.)
    • He lost his temper when he saw the mess. (He became very angry.)
  • "Short temper": A tendency to become angry very quickly.
    • Be careful what you say; he has a very short temper. (Be careful because he angers easily.)
  • "Even-tempered": Consistently calm and not easily angered.
    • She is very even-tempered, even under pressure. (She remains calm even when stressed.)
temper

A blacksmith tempers a steel blade in his workshop.

Noun
  1. the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking
  2. a disposition to exhibit uncontrolled anger
    • his temper was well known to all his employees
  3. a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling
    • whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time
    • he was in a bad humor
  4. a sudden outburst of anger
    • his temper sparked like damp firewood
Verb
  1. restrain
  2. make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate
    • she tempered her criticism
  3. adjust the pitch (of pianos)
  4. harden by reheating and cooling in oil
    • temper steel
  5. bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling
    • temper glass

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