Definition

1. Verb:

   • To overflow: To flow over the brim or edge of a container because it is too full.
   • To flood / to inundate: To spread over an area in large quantities, especially water, often beyond its normal limits.
   • To surge / to pour (in/into): To move forward or enter a place in a large, uncontrolled, and often forceful wave.

2. Adjective (in compound forms):

   • Excessive / unrestrained: Describing an action done without limit or moderation.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Nước trong bồn tắm sắp tràn ra ngoài. (The water in the bathtub is about to overflow.)
  • Lũ từ thượng nguồn tràn về. (The flood from upstream inundated the area.)
  • Ánh sáng mặt trời tràn vào căn phòng. (Sunlight poured into the room.)
  • Cổ động viên tràn xuống sân. (The fans surged onto the field.)

Advanced Usage

• "tràn ngập": to be flooded with, to be filled to overflowing (often with abstract things).

  • Thành phố tràn ngập không khí lễ hội. (The city was flooded with a festive atmosphere.)

• "tràn trề": to be abundant, to be brimming with (often positive energy or feeling).

  • Cô ấy luôn có năng lượng tràn trề. (She always has abundant energy.)

Variants and Related Words

• Tràn lan (adj/adv): widespread, rampant, spreading uncontrollably.

  • Tin đồn thất thiệt lan tràn khắp nơi. (False rumors spread rampantly everywhere.)

• Tràn cung mây (adj/phrase): to do something excessively or without restraint (often used with "chơi" [to play/party] or "uống" [to drink]).

  • Hôm qua họ uống tràn cung mây. (Yesterday they drank without restraint.)

Synonyms

• Overflow: to flow over the edge.
• Inundate: to flood.
• Swarm: to move in large numbers.
• Permeate: to spread throughout.

Related Idioms

• Tràn bờ vỡ đê: Literally "to overflow the banks and break the dykes"; used to describe something happening with overwhelming, unstoppable force.

  • Cơn lũ tình cảm tràn bờ vỡ đê. (The flood of emotions was overwhelming.)

• Tràn như nước vỡ bờ: Similar to above, "to overflow like water breaking the bank"; describing an unstoppable surge.

  • Đoàn người biểu tình tràn như nước vỡ bờ. (The protesters surged forward like water breaking a dam.)

verb

1. to overflow, to flood