trên

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The Vietnamese word "trên" is a versatile word that can be used as both an adverb and a preposition. Here's a detailed explanation for you:

Basic Meaning:

1. As an Adverb: "trên" means "above" or "on." It indicates a higher position or location.
2. As a Preposition: It can also mean "over" or "upon."

Usage Instructions:

• Use "trên" when you want to describe something that is located at a higher level than something else.
• It can be used in both physical contexts (like location) and abstract contexts (like status or rank).

Example Sentences:

1. Physical Context:

   • "Cái bàn ở trên sàn." (The table is on the floor.)
   • "Con mèo đang ngồi trên cây." (The cat is sitting on the tree.)

2. Abstract Context:

   • "Anh ấy đứng trên tất cả mọi người." (He stands above everyone.)
   • "Trên tất cả, chúng ta cần phải hợp tác." (Above all, we need to cooperate.)

Advanced Usage:

• "trên" can also be used in expressions or idiomatic phrases. For example:
  • "trên mây" (on cloud nine) meaning to be very happy or in a dreamlike state.
  • "trên thực tế" (in reality) meaning in practical terms or in actual practice.

Variants and Forms:

• Cụm từ: You can combine "trên" with other words to form phrases. For instance:
  • "trên cao" (high up)
  • "trên đường" (on the road)

Different Meanings:

• Aside from indicating physical location, "trên" can also imply superiority, as in having a higher status or rank in various contexts, such as:
  • "trên cơ" (superior in ability)
  • "trên tất cả" (above all; most importantly)

Synonyms:

• Some synonyms for "trên" include:
  • "cao" (high)
  • "trên cao" (higher up)
  • "phía trên" (the upper part)

Summary:

In summary, "trên" is a fundamental word in Vietnamese that can describe physical locations and abstract concepts of superiority. It's important to understand its usage in context, as it can vary between describing a physical position and indicating rank or status.

Academic

adj

1. upper, above

adv

1. upper, on, over

adj

1. higher, superior