Definition

1. Noun:

   • Summer: The hottest season of the year, coming after spring and before autumn.

2. Verb:

   • To lower; to take down; to bring down: To move something from a higher to a lower position.
   • To reduce; to decrease: To make something less in amount, degree, or intensity.
   • To defeat; to capture: To overcome an enemy or take control of a place, especially in a military context.
   • To humble; to abase: To reduce someone's pride or status.
   • To put forth; to issue: To state or declare something formally (e.g., a decision, an order).

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Mùa hạ ở đây rất nóng. (The summer here is very hot.)
• Verb:
  • Họ hạ lá cờ xuống. (They lowered the flag.)
  • Cửa hàng hạ giá tất cả hàng hóa. (The store reduced the price of all goods.)
  • Quân đội đã hạ được thành trì. (The army captured the fortress.)
  • Thất bại ấy đã hạ bớt tính kiêu ngạo của anh ta. (That failure humbled his arrogance somewhat.)
  • Chủ tịch hạ lệnh bắt đầu cuộc tấn công. (The chairman issued the order to begin the attack.)

Advanced Usage

• "hạ màn": Literally "to lower the curtain," used to mean "to conclude" an event or performance.
  • Lễ hội hạ màn với màn bắn pháo hoa. (The festival concluded with a fireworks display.)
• "hạ bệ": Literally "to lower from the pedestal/throne," meaning to discredit or remove someone from a position of power or respect.
  • Bài báo đó có mục đích hạ bệ vị chính trị gia. (That article aimed to discredit the politician.)
• "hạ thủy": To launch a ship (into the water).
  • Con tàu mới sẽ được hạ thủy vào tuần tới. (The new ship will be launched next week.)

Variants and Related Words

• Hạ giá (v): To reduce the price.
  • Họ hạ giá để bán cho nhanh. (They reduced the price to sell quickly.)
• Hạ quyết tâm (v): To make a firm decision or pledge.
  • Cô ấy hạ quyết tâm sẽ thi đỗ. (She was determined to pass the exam.)
• Hạ cánh (v): To land (an aircraft).
  • Máy bay hạ cánh an toàn. (The airplane landed safely.)
• Hạ chí (n): Summer solstice.

Synonyms

• Summer: season.
• To lower: to descend, to drop.
• To reduce: to cut, to lessen.
• To defeat: to overcome, to vanquish.
• To issue: to declare, to proclaim.

Related Idioms

• Hạ mình: To humble oneself; to lower one's dignity.
  • Anh ấy không bao giờ hạ mình để nịnh bợ. (He never humbles himself to flatter anyone.)
• Xuân thu nhị kỳ, hạ đông bất túc: (Literally: Two seasons of spring and autumn are enough, summer and winter are not). An idiom describing a temperate, mild climate that is pleasant to live in.

noun

1. summer

verb

1. to lower; to take down
   • hạ giá
     to lower cost; to put forth ; to send
   • hạ quyết tâm
     to put forth a pledge to defeat; to win
   • hạ được địch thủ
     to defeat an opponent to humble; to abase
   • hạ tánh kiêu căng của ai
     to humble someone's pride