thối

Definition

Adjective:
- Rotten; putrid; spoiled: Describes organic matter (like food, plants, or flesh) that has decomposed, producing a foul, offensive smell.
- Stinking; foul: Describes a very bad, unpleasant smell, similar to that of rotten matter.
- (Colloquial) Shameful; rotten; low-down: Used figuratively to describe a despicable, contemptible action or situation.
Verb:
- To give change; to give back (money): To return excess money to a customer after a purchase.
- (Regional/Dialectal) To retreat; to move backward: A variant of "thoái," meaning to withdraw or recede.

Usage Examples

Adjective:
- Trái cây này đã thối rồi. (This fruit is already rotten.)
- Cống bị tắc, bốc mùi thối. (The drain is clogged, emitting a foul smell.)
- Làm việc đó thật là thối! (Doing that is truly shameful!)
Verb:
- Anh bán hàng thối lại cho tôi 20 nghìn đồng. (The shopkeeper gave me 20,000 dong in change.)
- Quân địch đang thối lui. (The enemy forces are retreating.)

Advanced Usage

"thối nát": Literally "rotten and decayed," often used figuratively to describe something morally corrupt or a degenerate system.
- Một bộ máy thối nát. (A corrupt apparatus.)
"thối tha": An intensified form emphasizing a disgusting, filthy state, either literally or morally.
- Những ý nghĩ thối tha. (Filthy thoughts.)

Variants and Related Words

Thối rữa (v): To rot, to decompose.
- Xác chết thối rữa. (The corpse rotted.)
Thối lui (v): To retreat, to withdraw (military or general).
- Ra lệnh thối lui. (To order a retreat.)

Synonyms

Related Idioms

Thối như cú: Literally "stinking like an owl," a strong expression for something extremely foul-smelling.
- Cái hố rác này thối như cú. (This garbage pit stinks to high heaven.)
Tiền thối: Literally "rotten money," refers to the change given back after a purchase.
- Để dành tiền thối mua kẹo. (Save the change to buy candy.)

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