chạm

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The Vietnamese word "chạm" is a versatile verb that primarily means "to touch." Here’s a breakdown of its uses and meanings:

Basic Meaning:

1. To Touch: The most common meaning of "chạm" is to make physical contact with something.
   • Example: "Tay cầu thủ chạm vào quả bóng." (The player's hand touched the ball.)
   • Example: "Chân chạm đất." (His feet touched the ground.)

Other Meanings:

1. To Encounter: "Chạm" can also mean to come into contact with or meet someone or something.

   • Example: "Chạm địch." (To encounter the enemy.)
   • Example: "Chạm một người lạ mặt trong rừng." (To encounter a stranger in the woods.)

2. To Hurt: In certain contexts, "chạm" can imply causing harm or affecting someone negatively.

   • Example: "Chạm đến danh dự." (To hurt someone's honor.)
   • Example: "Chạm quyền lợi ai." (To hurt someone's interests.)

3. To Carve: "Chạm" can also refer to the act of carving or engraving, particularly in art or crafts.

   • Example: "Chạm trổ gỗ." (Wood carving.)

Usage Instructions:

• Use "chạm" when you want to describe physical interaction with objects or people.
• It’s also applicable in figurative language when discussing emotional or social impacts.

Advanced Usage:

• "Chạm" can be used in idiomatic expressions to convey deeper meanings or feelings. For example, "chạm đến trái tim" (to touch the heart) indicates an emotional connection.

Word Variants:

• Chạm trổ: Refers specifically to carving or engraving.
• Chạm nhẹ: Means to touch lightly or gently.

Synonyms:

• Sờ: Another verb that means "to touch," but it often implies more of a tactile exploration rather than just contact.
• Tiếp xúc: Means "to come into contact," often used in more formal or technical contexts.

Summary:

"Chạm" is a multifaceted verb in Vietnamese that can describe physical touch, encounters, emotional impact, and even artistic actions.

Academic

verb

1. To touch
   • tay cầu thủ chạm vào quả bóng
     the player's hand touched the ball
   • chân chạm đất
     his feet touched ground
2. To encounter
   • chạm địch
     to encounter the enemy
   • chạm một người lạ mặt trong rừng
     to encounter a stranger in the wood
3. To hurt
   • chạm đến danh dự
     to hurt someone's honour
   • chạm quyền lợi ai
     to hurt someone's interests
4. To carve