Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Burning, stinging, smarting: Describes a physical sensation on the skin or mucous membranes that feels hot, painful, and irritating, similar to a burn, scrape, or exposure to something spicy or acidic.
   • Scorching, searing: Used to describe intense, burning heat, often from the sun or a fire.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Ăn ớt xong, tôi thấy rát trong miệng. (After eating chili, I felt a burning sensation in my mouth.)
  • Vết cạo râu làm da mặt tôi hơi rát. (The shaving cut left my face feeling slightly stinging.)
  • Nắng trưa mùa hè thật rát. (The midday summer sun is truly scorching.)

Advanced Usage

• "rát cổ bỏng họng": An idiom meaning "to shout oneself hoarse" or "to talk until one is blue in the face," emphasizing great effort in speaking that is often futile or ignored.

  • Mẹ nói rát cổ bỏng họng mà đứa trẻ vẫn không nghe. (The mother talked until she was blue in the face, but the child still didn't listen.)

• "ran rát": A reduplicative form that slightly softens the intensity, meaning "a slight stinging or smarting sensation."

  • Sau khi rửa mặt bằng sữa rửa mặt mới, da tôi cảm thấy ran rát. (After washing my face with the new cleanser, my skin felt a slight stinging.)

• "rát rạt": A reduplicative form that intensifies the meaning, implying a stronger, more severe burning or stinging sensation.

  • Vết bỏng rát rạt khiến cô ấy không chịu nổi. (The searing burn was unbearable for her.)

Variants and Related Words

• Nhát (adj, dialectal): A regional synonym for "rát," meaning stinging or smarting.
• Rát bỏng (adj phrase): An intensified phrase meaning "burning hot" or "scalding."

Synonyms

• Nóng rát: Burning hot.
• Cay: Spicy/hot (often for taste, but can cause a similar sensation).
• Xót: Stinging (often from salt or antiseptic on a wound).

Related Phrases

• Đau rát (adj phrase): Aching and burning. Combines pain with the stinging sensation of "rát."
  • Cô ấy cảm thấy đau rát ở vết thương. (She felt an aching, burning pain at the wound site.)

Related Idioms

• Rát cổ bỏng họng: As explained above, to shout or plead intensely and exhaustively, often with little result.
  • Giáo viên rát cổ bỏng họng giải thích bài toán khó. (The teacher explained tirelessly the difficult math problem.)

adj

1. marting