short

/ʃɔ:t/
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Thân thiện
short

The salesgirl was very short with him.

Definition

  1. Adjective:

    • Having little length; not long: Describing something that measures a small distance from one end to the other.
    • Low in stature; not tall: Used to describe a person or object of limited height.
    • Lasting or taking a small amount of time: Indicating a brief duration.
    • Insufficient or less than needed: Lacking an adequate amount of something.
    • Rudely brief or abrupt in manner: Marked by a curt or discourteous way of speaking.
    • Easily crumbling: Having a flaky texture due to a high fat content, as in pastry.
    • Deficient in retentiveness: Referring to a memory that does not retain information well.
    • Of a vowel or syllable: Pronounced with a relatively brief duration.

  2. Adverb:

    • Abruptly or suddenly: In a manner that cuts something off or happens without warning.
    • Before the expected point or time: Falling or ceasing before reaching a target or goal.
    • In a curt or brusque manner: Speaking in a rudely brief way.
    • Without possession of something sold: Selling a security or commodity one does not currently own.

  3. Noun:

    • A short circuit: An electrical fault where current flows along an unintended path of low resistance.
    • A short film: A motion picture of brief duration.
    • The position of shortstop in baseball: The fielding position between second and third base.
    • A short drink of spirits: A small, strong alcoholic beverage.

  4. Verb:

    • To cause a short circuit: To create an electrical fault by connecting points of different potential.
    • To give less than due amount; to cheat: To provide someone with less than what was paid for or expected.
Examples

  • Adjective:

    • She has short hair. (Her hair is not long.)
    • He is rather short for his age. (He is not tall.)
    • We took a short break. (The break was brief.)
    • We are short of staff today. (We have insufficient staff.)
    • The manager was very short with the customer. (The manager was rudely abrupt.)

  • Adverb:

    • The meeting ended short. (The meeting ended abruptly.)
    • His arrow fell short of the target. (The arrow did not reach the target.)
    • "Not now," he said short. (He spoke in a curt manner.)

  • Noun:

    • The fire was caused by an electrical short. (The fire was caused by a short circuit.)
    • The festival featured several animated shorts. (The festival included several short films.)

  • Verb:

    • A frayed wire shorted the system. (A frayed wire caused a short circuit.)
    • The cashier shorted me by two dollars. (The cashier cheated me out of two dollars.)
Advanced Usage
  • "to be caught short": To be taken by surprise, especially by a sudden need.
    • I was caught short when it started to rain and I had no umbrella.
  • "to sell short" (Finance): To sell borrowed securities, hoping to buy them back later at a lower price.
    • Investors sold short, betting the stock price would fall.
  • "to make short work of": To deal with or finish something quickly and easily.
    • She made short work of the difficult puzzle.
Variants and Related Words
  • Shorten (verb): To make or become shorter.
    • Please shorten this paragraph.
  • Shortage (noun): A deficiency or lack in the amount needed.
    • There is a water shortage.
  • Shortly (adverb): In a short time; soon; or in a brief, abrupt manner.
    • I will arrive shortly. / He replied shortly.
  • Shortstop (noun): The baseball fielding position between second and third base.
  • Short-circuit (verb/noun): A variant spelling for causing or referring to an electrical short.
Synonyms
  • Adjective (length): Brief, little, small.
  • Adjective (height): Petite, small, low.
  • Adjective (abrupt): Curt, brusque, terse.
  • Adjective (insufficient): Deficient, lacking, inadequate.
  • Adverb (suddenly): Abruptly, suddenly, unexpectedly.
Related Phrasal Verbs
  • Fall short (of): To fail to reach a standard, goal, or amount.
    • The donations fell short of our target.
  • Run short (of): To have nearly used up a supply of something.
    • We are running short of time.
  • Cut short: To stop or interrupt something before its natural conclusion.
    • The interview was cut short by an emergency.
Related Idioms
  • In short: To summarize; stated briefly.
    • In short, the project was a success.
  • Short and sweet: Pleasantly brief and concise.
    • His speech was short and sweet.
  • For short: As an abbreviation or nickname.
    • His name is Robert, but we call him Rob for short.
  • The long and the short of it: The basic fact or point of a matter.
    • The long and the short of it is that we need more funding.
short

The salesgirl was very short with him.

Adjective
  1. marked by rude or peremptory shortness
    • try to cultivate a less brusque manner
    • a curt reply
    • the salesgirl was very short with him
  2. tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening
    • shortbread is a short crumbly cookie
    • a short flaky pie crust
  3. lacking foresight or scope
    • a short view of the problem
    • shortsighted policies
    • shortsighted critics derided the plan
    • myopic thinking
  4. less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so
    • a light pound
    • a scant cup of sugar
    • regularly gives short weight
  5. of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration
    • the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
  6. not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices
    • a short sale
    • short in cotton
  7. (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range
    • a short memory
  8. not sufficient to meet a need
    • an inadequate income
    • a poor salary
    • money is short
    • on short rations
    • food is in short supply
    • short on experience
  9. low in stature; not tall
    • he was short and stocky
    • short in stature
    • a short smokestack
    • a little man
  10. (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length
    • short skirts
    • short hair
    • the board was a foot short
    • a short toss
  11. primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration
    • a short life
    • a short flight
    • a short holiday
    • a short story
    • only a few short months
Adverb
  1. in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner
    • he told me curtly to get on with it
    • he talked short with everyone
    • he said shortly that he didn't like it
  2. at a disadvantage
    • I was caught short
  3. so as to interrupt
    • She took him up short before he could continue
  4. at some point or distance before a goal is reached
    • he fell short of our expectations
  5. clean across
    • the car's axle snapped short
  6. without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold
    • he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash
  7. quickly and without warning
    • he stopped suddenly
Noun
  1. the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base
  2. accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference
  3. the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
Verb
  1. create a short circuit in
  2. cheat someone by not returning him enough money

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