kém
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective:
- Inferior / Poor: Describes a quality, ability, or standard that is below average or below a point of comparison. It indicates a lack of skill, strength, or excellence.
- Less / Fewer: Used to indicate a smaller amount, degree, or number in comparison.
- Weak / Dim: Describes something lacking in intensity, such as a weak memory or dim light.
Preposition:
- To / Of (in telling time): Used to express time before the hour, equivalent to "to" or "of" in English (e.g., ten to three).
- Minus / Less (in quantity): Indicates a quantity that is slightly less than a stated round number or unit.
Usage Examples
Adjective:
- Nó là một học sinh kém. (He is a poor student.)
- Sức khỏe của ông ấy ngày càng kém. (His health is getting weaker.)
- Lớp này có số học sinh kém hơn lớp kia. (This class has fewer students than that class.)
Preposition:
- Bây giờ là ba giờ kém mười. (It is now ten to three.)
- Tôi mua một mét vải kém hai phân. (I bought one meter of fabric, minus two centimeters.)
Advanced Usage
"kém cỏi": Incompetent, deficient. This compound emphasizes a notable lack of ability or quality.
- Anh ta bị đánh giá là kém cỏi trong công việc. (He was assessed as being incompetent at work.)
"kém may mắn": Unlucky. Used to describe a lack of good fortune.
- Đội bóng đó đã có một mùa giải kém may mắn. (That football team had an unlucky season.)
Variants and Related Words
Kém chất lượng (adj): Of poor/low quality.
- Hàng kém chất lượng bị thu hồi. (The poor-quality goods were recalled.)
Kém phát triển (adj): Underdeveloped.
- Đây là một khu vực kinh tế kém phát triển. (This is an economically underdeveloped region.)
Synonyms
- Poor: Lacking in quality or ability.
- Inferior: Lower in rank, quality, or ability.
- Weak: Lacking physical strength or intensity.
- Less: A smaller amount of.
Related Idioms
Kém cạnh: To be inferior or to compare unfavorably to someone/something.
- Sản phẩm của họ kém cạnh so với đối thủ. (Their product is inferior compared to the competitor's.)
Kém hơn một tuổi: Literally "younger by one year"; used to show deference by referring to oneself as slightly younger in social interactions.
- Tôi kém hơn một tuổi, xin gọi là em. (I am slightly younger, please call me 'em'.)
adj
- less
- không kémnothing less than dim; weak
- trí nhớ kémweak memory