lử
Definition
Adjective: - Exhausted, extremely tired: Describes a state of complete physical fatigue, often to the point of having no energy left. It is almost exclusively used in the compound form "mệt lử".
Usage
The word "lử" is very rarely used alone in modern Vietnamese. Its primary and almost sole function is to intensify the adjective "mệt" (tired) in the fixed phrase "mệt lử", which means "completely exhausted" or "dead tired". Using "lử" by itself would likely not be understood by most speakers.
Usage Examples
- Adjective (in the phrase "mệt lử"):
- Sau một ngày làm việc ngoài đồng, bác nông dân cảm thấy mệt lử. (After a day working in the field, the farmer felt dead tired.)
- Tập thể dục xong, tôi mệt lử và chỉ muốn đi ngủ. (After exercising, I was exhausted and just wanted to sleep.)
- Chạy bộ 10 km khiến anh ấy mệt lử cò bợ. (Running 10 km made him completely worn out.)
Advanced Usage / Fixed Phrases
"mệt lử": To be exhausted, worn out, dead tired.
- This is the standard and most common usage. It functions as a single, strong adjective.
"mệt lử cò bợ": To be utterly and completely exhausted.
- This is an even more emphatic and colloquial variant of "mệt lử". "Cò bợ" is a rhyming element that adds emphasis without separate meaning.
Variants and Related Words
- Mệt: (Adj) Tired, weary. This is the base word that "lử" intensifies.
- Kiệt sức: (Adj/Phrase) Exhausted, out of energy. A more formal synonym for "mệt lử".
- Đuối sức: (Adj) Fatigued, weakened. Often used for physical exhaustion.
- Lả: (Adj) A near-synonym and variant form of "lử", also meaning extremely tired and used similarly (e.g., "mệt lả").
Synonyms
- Kiệt sức: exhausted.
- Mệt nhoài: worn out, very tired.
- Mệt phờ: dog-tired (often implying a tired appearance).
- Mệt đứt hơi: tired to the point of being breathless.
Notes on Usage
- Archaic/Obsolete Solo Use: Historical dictionaries note a standalone meaning equivalent to "lả" (very tired), but this independent usage is obsolete in contemporary language.
- Function: "Lử" is a grammatical particle used for intensification, similar to how "quá" (too) or "lắm" (very) intensify adjectives, but "lử" is fixed to the specific word "mệt".
- Register: The phrase "mệt lử" and especially "mệt lử cò bợ" are informal and colloquial, suitable for spoken language and informal writing.
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(như mệt lử) To be tired out
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