đoan

Thân thiện

Tôi đoan rằng đó là sự thật.

Definition

1. Noun:

   • Customs, customs office: In historical context, "đoan" refers to the customs administration or a customs house, particularly under the French colonial government in Vietnam before the August Revolution (1945). It denotes the government agency responsible for collecting duties on imported goods.
   • Customs duty, tax: It can also refer to the tax or levy collected by this administration on goods.

2. Verb:

   • To pledge, to assure, to guarantee: (Archaic/Literary) To make a solemn promise or give one's word; to affirm something as true.

Usage Examples

• Noun:

  • Thuế đoan là nguồn thu quan trọng. (Customs duty was an important source of revenue.)
  • Hàng hóa bị giữ lại tại nhà đoan. (The goods were detained at the customs house.)

• Verb:

  • Tôi đoan với anh rằng tôi sẽ đến đúng giờ. (I assure you that I will arrive on time.)
  • Ông ấy đoan chắc rằng thông tin là chính xác. (He pledged that the information was accurate.)

Advanced Usage

• "Cam đoan": to pledge, to vow, to guarantee. This is a more common compound form where "đoan" retains its verbal meaning.

  • Tôi cam đoan sẽ hoàn thành công việc. (I vow to complete the work.)

• "Lính đoan": customs officer. A historical term for officials working in the customs service.

  • Lính đoan kiểm tra hàng hóa nhập khẩu. (The customs officers inspected the imported goods.)

Variants and Related Words

• Nhà đoan (noun): customs house. The building where customs business is conducted.
• Thuế đoan (noun): customs duty, tariff.
• Cam đoan (verb): to pledge, to guarantee. (Note: This is listed as a related compound, not as the primary definition of the isolated word "đoan").

Synonyms

• Noun (Customs): Hải quan (modern term for customs).
• Verb (To pledge): Hứa chắc, bảo đảm, thề.

Notes on Usage

• The noun meaning related to "customs" is now largely historical and archaic. The modern Vietnamese term for customs is "hải quan".
• The verb meaning "to pledge" is also considered literary or formal and is not commonly used in everyday modern speech outside of fixed phrases like "cam đoan".

Học thuật

noun

1. custom
   • nhà đoan
     custom-house